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Die '''WHO''' (World Health Organization, ''Weltgesundheitsorganisation'') veröffentlichte im Juli 2012 (zeitlich passend zur in Deutschland gerade begonnenen [[Beschneidungsdebatte]]) eine Studie<ref>http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/en/</ref>, die empfiehlt, [[Zirkumzision|Beschneidungen]] präventiv gegen HIV/AIDS durchzuführen. Diese Studie verspricht angeblich einen 60-prozentigen Schutz gegen AIDS.
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| image        = [[Image:WHO.jpg|175px]]
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| header1      = Chefbeschneidungsexperte:
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| data2        = [[David R. Tomlinson]]
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| header3      = Verbundene Organisationen:
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| data4        = [[UNAIDS]]
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Die [[Weltgesundheitsorganisation]] (World Health Organization, WHO) ist die neueste Manifestation einer internationalen Gesundheitsorganisation. Ihr ging die Gesundheitsorganisation des Völkerbundes in Genf voraus, die ihre letzte Sitzung 1938 kurz vor Ausbruch des Zweiten Weltkriegs abhielt. Kurz nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg fand in San Francisco eine Konferenz verbündeter Nationen statt, um die Vereinten Nationen zu gründen, zu welcher Zeit die „Charta der Vereinten Nationen“ entworfen wurde. Die verbündeten Nationen dachten auch, dass eine neue internationale Gesundheitsorganisation gegründet werden sollte. Die WHO-Verfassung trat 1948 in Kraft, und im selben Jahr fand in Genf die erste Weltgesundheitsversammlung statt, um Prioritäten für die neue Organisation festzulegen.<ref>
 +
{{REFjournal
 +
|last=McCarthy
 +
|first=Michael
 +
|init=M
 +
|title=A brief history of the World Health Organization
 +
|trans-title=Eine kurze Geschichte der Weltgesundheitsorganisation
 +
|language=Englisch
 +
|journal=Lancet
 +
|date=2002-10-12
 +
|volume=360
 +
|issue=9340
 +
|pages=1111-2
 +
|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(02)11244-X.pdf
 +
|pubmedID=12387972
 +
|DOI=10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11244-X.
 +
|accessdate=2021-12-28
 +
}}</ref>
  
−
Beschneidungsbefürworter nutzen diese Studie<ref>http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/fact_sheet/en/</ref>, um damit auch [[Zirkumzision|Beschneidungen]] von männlichen Säuglingen und Kleinkindern in Deutschland, Europa und Nordamerika zu rechtfertigen. Die Studie bezog sich allerdings auf Afrika (Kenia, Uganda und Südafrika) und nur auf Erwachsene.
+
Die WHO wird von einem Generaldirektor geleitet. Der derzeitige Generaldirektor in [[Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus]], der sein Amt im April 2017 angetreten hat.
  
−
Tatsächlich ist die Studie wissenschaftlich angreifbar und wird seitdem von Fachleuten scharf kritisiert.
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== Finanzierung ==
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{{NYT en}}
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The WHO receives contributions from many sources, however the [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]] is the largest contributor.<ref name="mercola2021">{{REFweb
 +
|url=https://www.lifesitenews.com/opinion/new-documentary-on-who-exposes-widespread-corruption-massive-funding-by-bill-gates/
 +
|archived=
 +
|title=New documentary on WHO exposes widespread corruption, massive funding by Bill Gates
 +
|trans-title=
 +
|language=
 +
|last=Mercola
 +
|first=Joseph
 +
|author-link=
 +
|publisher=LifeSite
 +
|website=
 +
|date=2021-10-04
 +
|accessdate=2022-01-03
 +
|format=
 +
|quote=
 +
}}</ref> Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. reports that huge contributions from the Gates Foundation to the WHO gives [[Bill Gates]] "leverage and control over WHO's $5.6 budget and over international health policy".<ref name="kennedy2021A">{{REFbook
 +
|last=Kennedy, Jr.
 +
|first=Robert F.
 +
|init=
 +
|year=2021
 +
|title=The Real Anthony Fauci
 +
|url=
 +
|page=301
 +
| location=New York
 +
|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing
 +
|ISBN=978-I51076680-8
 +
|accessdate=2021-12-28
 +
}}</ref> Bill Gates' promotion of male circumcision is well-known, so this may explain why the WHO clings to an outmoded and discredited position on male circumcision.
 +
 
 +
== Befürwortung der männlichen Beschneidung ==
 +
 
 +
In July 2012, the '''WHO''' (World Health Organization) published a study<ref>[http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/en/ Male circumcision for HIV prevention]</ref> (just in time for the just then started [[Circumcision Debate]] in Germany) which recommended to perform [[circumcision]]s as a prevention against [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]]. This study supposedly promises a 60% protection against [[AIDS]].
 +
 
 +
[[Circumcision]] proponents use this study<ref>{{REFweb
 +
|url=http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/fact_sheet/en
 +
|title=Voluntary medical male circumcision for HIV prevention
 +
|date=2012-07
 +
|accessdate=2020-09-04
 +
}}</ref> for justifying even [[circumcision]]s on male toddlers and infants in Germany, Europe and Northern America. But the study only referred to Africa (Kenya, Uganda, and South Africa) and only to adults.
 +
 
 +
In fact, the study is scientifically vulnerable and has since been sharply criticized by experts.
 +
 
 +
== Leitlinienentwicklungsgruppe (Guideline Development Group, GDG) ==
 +
In May 2018, the WHO announced to develop new guidelines on male circumcision, focusing on doing even more male circumcisions as a [[HIV]]/AIS prevention action.<ref>{{REFweb
 +
|url=https://www.who.int/hiv/mediacentre/news/gdg-male-circumcision/en/
 +
|title=WHO to develop new guidelines on male circumcision
 +
|date=2018-05
 +
|accessdate=2020-03-26
 +
}}</ref> They named the following GDG members:
 +
* [[Catherine Brogan|Brogan, Catherine]]
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* [[Jotamo José Come|Come, Jotamo José]]
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* [[Moses Galukande|Galukande, Moses]] -- [[bias]]ed
 +
* [[Susan S.J. Goldstein|Goldstein, Susan S.J.]] -- [[bias]]ed
 +
* [[Timothy B. Hargreave|Hargreave, Timothy B.]] -- [[bias]]ed
 +
* [[Afua A.J. Hesse|Hesse, Afua A.J.]] -- [[bias]]ed
 +
* [[Constant Karma|Karma, Constant]] -- [[bias]]ed
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* [[Godfrey Kigozi|Kigozi, Godfrey]] -- [[bias]]ed
 +
* [[Steve C. Kumvenji|Kumvenji, Steve C.]] -- [[bias]]ed
 +
* [[Michael Maier|Maier, Michael]]
 +
* [[Gustav Moyo|Moyo, Gustav]]
 +
* [[Nelly R. Mugo|Mugo, Nelly R.]]
 +
* [[Mable M. Mweemba|Mweemba, Mable M.]]
 +
* [[Ayanda Nqeketo|Nqeketo, Ayanda]] -- [[bias]]ed
 +
* [[Onkemetse Conrad Ntsuape|Ntsuape, Onkemetse Conrad]] -- [[bias]]ed
 +
* [[Elijah Odoyo-June|Odoyo-June, Elijah]] -- [[bias]]ed
 +
* [[Stuart M. Rennie|Rennie, Stuart M.]]
 +
* [[Christopher Samkange|Samkange, Christopher]] -- [[bias]]ed
 +
* [[Jerome Amir Singh|Singh, Jerome Amir]] -- [[bias]]ed
 +
* [[Harsha Thirumurthy|Thirumurthy, Harsha]] -- [[bias]]ed
 +
* [[Lynn M. Van Lith|Van Lith, Lynn M.]] -- [[bias]]ed
 +
* [[Helen Weiss|Weiss, Helen A.]] -- [[bias]]ed
 +
* [[Sinokuthemba Xaba|Xaba, Sinokuthemba]] -- [[bias]]ed
 +
 
 +
At least 16 members of the GDG are biased in favor of circumcision, while only 7 members have unclear points of view. Chances are that they are also strongly involved in this topic and take a position in favor of circumcision. The WHO will certainly have deliberately selected and named these experts on circumcision. One can therefore accuse the WHO of bias on this topic. The [[Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus| Director-General]] has so far failed to address the issue of [[bias]] in the CDG.
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 +
----
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''The following sections are from [[IntactWiki]]:''
 +
 
 +
The World Health Organization (2011) endorses male circumcision as an [[HIV]] prevention method based on the three RCTs in Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda.<ref>{{REFweb
 +
|last=
 +
|first=
 +
|date=2011
 +
|title=Male circumcision for HIV prevention
 +
|url=http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/en/
 +
|publisher=World Health Organization
 +
|accessdate=2011-05-06
 +
}}</ref>
 +
 
 +
{{Zitat
 +
|Titel=WHO Endorses Circumcision as HIV Prevention
 +
|Text=...male circumcision should be considered an efficacious intervention for [[HIV]] prevention in countries and regions with heterosexual epidemics, high [[HIV]] and low male circumcision prevalence.
 +
|Autor=
 +
|Quelle=[[Weltgesundheitsorganisation]]
 +
|ref=<ref name="WHO2011">{{REFweb
 +
|url=http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/en/
 +
|publisher=World Health Organization
 +
|title=Male circumcision for HIV prevention
 +
|date=2011
 +
}}</ref>
 +
}}
 +
 
 +
On their website<ref name="WHO2011"/>, they acknowledge that, even if the latest "studies" were correct, "[m]ale circumcision provides only partial protection," and that it should be part of a "comprehensive [[HIV]] prevention package" that includes [[HIV]] testing and counseling services, treatment for STD infections, the promotion of safer sex practices and the provision of condoms and the promotion of their correct and consistent use.
 +
 
 +
{{NOTE}} Even if the recent trials were accurate (and their credibility is highly questionable), circumcision could only reduce the relative risk of acquiring [[HIV]] between circumcised and [[uncircumcised]] men by 60% over a period of about one year.<ref name="boyle-hill2011">{{BoyleGJ HillG 2011}}</ref> Condoms have an absolute reduction risk of acquiring [[HIV]] that's over 95% (closer to 100% when used properly), making circumcision a moot point.
 +
 
 +
== Chefexperte für Säuglingsbeschneidung ==
 +
 
 +
[[David R. Tomlinson]] (2008) is the inventor of the [[AccuCirc]] device for infant circumcision.<ref>{{REFnews
 +
|last=Katz
 +
|first=Paula S.
 +
|url=http://todayshospitalist.com/index.php?b=articles_read&cnt=647
 +
|title=Night work without burnout
 +
|date=2008-09
 +
|publisher=Today's Hospitalist
 +
|quote=...an invention: a circumcision tool to help prevent HIV that has recently been cleared by the FDA.
 +
|accessdate=2011-09-26
 +
}}</ref> He also wrote a manual on infant circumcision (2011) for the World Health Organization.<ref>{{REFnews
 +
|last=Hennessy-Fiske
 +
|first=Molly
 +
|url=http://www.latimes.com/health/la-he-circumcision-20110926,0,4367816.story
 +
|title=Injuries linked to circumcision clamps
 +
|date=2011-09-26
 +
|publisher=Los Angeles Times
 +
|quote=Dr. David Tomlinson, who teaches family medicine at {{UNI|Brown University|Brown}} in Providence, {{USSC|RI}}, wrote a manual on infant circumcision for the World Health Organization.
 +
|accessdate=2011-09-25
 +
}}</ref>
 +
 
 +
== Initiativen seit 2006 ==
 +
 
 +
The Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR), together with the WHO Department of [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]] and the Joint United Nations Programme on [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]] ([[UNAIDS]]), launched a number of new initiatives in 2006–2007.<ref name="for control">{{REFweb
 +
|last=
 +
|first=
 +
|date=2011
 +
|title=Male circumcision for HIV control
 +
|url=http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/rtis/male_circumcision/en/
 +
|publisher=World Health Organization
 +
|accessdate=2011-05-06
 +
}}</ref>
 +
 
 +
=== Beschneidungshandbuch ===
 +
 
 +
Infant boys are born with a healthy penis and foreskin. Treatment is not required. Infant boys do not engage in sexual intercourse so they cannot contract [[HIV]] infection by sexual intercourse. Infant boys cannot grant consent for this irreversible body altering surgery which violate several significant United Nations [[human rights]] instruments.
 +
 
 +
Nevertheless, in partnership with other WHO departments, UNAIDS, and the Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Gynecology and Obstetrics (JHPIEGO), the Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR) has developed a Manual for male infant circumcision under local anaesthesia.<ref>{{REFbook
 +
|last=[[World Health Organization]]
 +
|last2=JHPIEGO
 +
|year=2010
 +
|title=Manual for early infant male circumcision under local anaesthesia
 +
|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241500753_eng.pdf
 +
|editor=
 +
|edition=
 +
|volume=
 +
|chapter=
 +
|pages=
 +
|location=Geneva, Switzerland
 +
|publisher=WHO Document Production Services
 +
|isbn=9789241500753
 +
|note=
 +
|accessdate=2011-06-01
 +
}}</ref><ref name="for control"/> JHPIEGO addresses ''female'' gynecological health and is out of its field in addressing ''male'' health.
 +
 
 +
The manual is intended for use by clinical officers, who can be trained to perform uncomplicated circumcision, and to refer more complex cases. The manual is expected to be published in 2011. The manual itself is supported by training guides and a certification framework, to facilitate the upgrading of skills of officers who are not otherwise authorized to perform surgery.
 +
 
 +
As justification for circumcision, the Manual alleges that circumcision would reduce the incidence of [[urinary tract infection]] (UTI) in the first six months of life, however this is not a valid justification because UTI, if it should occur, is easily treated medically instead of with body-altering surgery.<ref name="McCracken 1989">{{REFjournal
 +
|last=McCracken
 +
|init=GH
 +
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/mccracken/
 +
|title=Options in antimicrobial management of urinary tract infections in infants and children
 +
|journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J
 +
|volume=8
 +
|issue=8
 +
|date=1989-08
 +
|pages=552-5
 +
}}</ref>
 +
 
 +
Moreover, the foreskin protects the penis from infection, so the [[amputation]] of the [[foreskin]] makes UTI more likely. In infant boys, UTIs originate from the external environment, strongly suggesting that these infections are iatrogenically caused.<ref>{{REFjournal
 +
|last=Maskell
 +
|init=R
 +
|etal=yes
 +
|title=Urinary Pathogens in the Male
 +
|journal=British Journal of Urology
 +
|date=1975
 +
|volume=47
 +
}}</ref> Two interventions that put the male infant at immediate risk for UTIs are [[circumcision]], and [[forced retraction]] of the foreskin. These interventions tear away the synechia which binds the foreskin to the glans in male infants, thereby creating entry points for ''E. coli'' bacteria,<ref name="Winberg 1989">{{REFjournal
 +
|last=Winberg
 +
|init=J
 +
|etal=yes
 +
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/winberg-bollgren/
 +
|title=The Prepuce: A Mistake of Nature?
 +
|journal=Lancet
 +
|date=1989
 +
|pages=598-9
 +
}}</ref> which binds to the glans penis of the infant.<ref name="Cunningham 1986">{{REFjournal
 +
|last=Cunningham
 +
|init=N
 +
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/cunningham/
 +
|title=Circumcision and urinary tract infections (letter)
 +
|journal=Pediatrics
 +
|date=1986
 +
|volume=77
 +
|issue=2
 +
|page=267
 +
}}</ref> Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a complication of circumcision.<ref>{{REFjournal
 +
|last=Smith
 +
|init=RM
 +
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/smith1916/
 +
|title=Recent contributions to the study of pyelitis in infancy
 +
|journal=Am J Dis Child
 +
|date=1916
 +
|volume=XII
 +
|pages=235-43
 +
}}</ref><ref name="Cohen 1992">{{REFjournal
 +
|last=Cohen
 +
|init=H
 +
|etal=yes
 +
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/cohen/
 +
|title=Postcircumcision Urinary Tract Infection
 +
|journal=Clinical Pediatrics
 +
|date=1992
 +
|pages=322-4
 +
}}</ref><ref name="Goldman 1996">{{REFjournal
 +
|last=Goldman
 +
|init=M
 +
|last2=Barr
 +
|init2=J
 +
|last3=Bistritzer
 +
|init3=T
 +
|last4=Aladjem
 +
|init4=M
 +
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/goldman/
 +
|title=Urinary tract infection following ritual jewish circumcision
 +
|journal=Israel Journal of Medical Sciences
 +
|date=1996
 +
|volume=32
 +
|issue=11
 +
|pages=1098-102
 +
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
 +
|last=Prais
 +
|init=D
 +
|last2=Shoov-Furman
 +
|init2=R
 +
|last3=Amir
 +
|init3=J
 +
|title=Is circumcision a risk factor for neonatal urinary tract infections?
 +
|journal=Arch Dis Child
 +
|date=2008-10-06
 +
|DOI=10.1136/adc.2008.144063
 +
|url=http://adc.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/adc.2008.144063v1
 +
}}</ref>
 +
 
 +
The [[VMMC Experience Project]] (2019) has published a massive, illustrated, 153-page report on VMMC in Africa for the United Nations.<ref name="fish2019">{{REFdocument
 +
|title=Circumcision Campaigns: African experience and human rights: The U.N. Report
 +
|trans-title=
 +
|language=
 +
|url=https://www.vmmcproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/VMMC-UN-Report.pdf
 +
|archived=
 +
|contribution=
 +
|quote=
 +
|trans-quote=
 +
|quote-lang=
 +
|last=Fish
 +
|first=Max
 +
|author-link=Max Fish
 +
|publisher=VMMC Experience Project
 +
|location=
 +
|format=PDF
 +
|date=2019-05-07
 +
|accessdate=2021-05-15
 +
}}</ref>
 +
 
 +
In a letter to Ambassador Deborah L. Birx, {{MD}}, (2020) the head of the United States PEPFAR program, [[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] called circumcision ineffective and called for PEPFAR to abandon the WHO VMMC program and redirect its funds to anti-retroviral therapy and the provision of condomʂ<ref>{{REFdocument
 +
|title=World Health Organization, HIV, and male circumcision
 +
|url=https://pool.intactiwiki.org/images/2020-06-15b_LettertoPEPFAR.pdf
 +
|contribution=
 +
|last=Denniston
 +
|first=George C.
 +
|publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]]
 +
|format=
 +
|date=2020-06-29
 +
|accessdate=2020-09-04
 +
}}</ref>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Promotion of infant circumcision by publishing a manual has the effect of increasing demand for circumcision devices such as those manufactured by [[David R. Tomlinson]].
 +
 
 +
=== Bewertungs-''Werkzeugkasten'' ===
 +
RHR is also supporting the development of a toolkit that will allow countries to assess their preparedness for introducing or expanding male circumcision services. RHR contributed to a number of other documents dealing with various aspects of male circumcision, including a review of global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability, and a guide to enhancing the quality of male circumcision services.
 +
 
 +
== Polio-Skandal ==
 +
Kennedy (2021) reports that [[Bill Gates]] and [[Anthony Fauci]] met in 2000, after which Gates started a "global polio vaccine campaign" with $450 million. The polio campaign was promoted by UNICEF and WHO.<ref name="kennedy2021B">{{REFbook
 +
|last=Kennedy, Jr.
 +
|first=Robert F.
 +
|init=
 +
|year=2021
 +
|title=The Real Anthony Fauci
 +
|url=
 +
|page=340
 +
|location=New York
 +
|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing
 +
|ISBN=978-I51076680-8
 +
|accessdate=2021-12-29
 +
}}</ref>
 +
 
 +
In a further indication of World Health Organization malfeasance, ZeroHedge reports that polio vaccine provided by the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]] in a WHO sponsored polio vaccination scheme actually causes polio. Sudan, Chad, and Cameroon are reporting outbreaks of polio from Gates vaccine supplied through the WHO initiative.<ref name="durden2020">{{REFnews
 +
|title=UN Forced To Admit Gates-Funded Vaccine Is Causing Polio Outbreak In Africa
 +
|url=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/un-forced-admit-gates-funded-vaccine-causing-polio-outbreak-africa
 +
|last=Durden
 +
|first=Tyler
 +
|coauthors=
 +
|publisher=ZeroHedge
 +
|website=
 +
|date=2020-09-04
 +
|accessdate=2020-09-06
 +
|quote=While international organisations like the World Health Organization (WHO) will regular boast about supposedly ‘eradicating polio’ with vaccines, the opposite seems to be the case. Their decades-long campaign to eradicate polio is now killing scores of innocent young people living in poor countries.
 +
}}</ref>
  
 
{{SEEALSO}}
 
{{SEEALSO}}
−
* [http://circleaks.org/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization Kritische Seite zur WHO auf CircLeaks.org]
+
* [[Beschneidung und HIV]]
 +
* [[David R. Tomlinson]] -- AccuCirc Erfinder. „Chefbeschneidungsexperte“ bei der WHO
 +
* [[AccuCirc]] -- Beschneidungsgerät, erfunden vom „Chefbeschneidungsexperten“ der WHO
 +
* [[UNAIDS]] -- bezieht sich auf die die WHO
 +
* [[VMMC Experience Project]]
 +
 
 +
== [[CircWatch]] ==
 +
* [http://circwatch.org/tag/who/ Post about the World Health Organization on CircWatch]
 +
 
 +
{{LINKS}}
 +
* [http://circleaks.org/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization Critical page about the WHO on CircLeaks.org]
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/alleged-medical-benefits/hivaids/
 +
|archived=
 +
|title=HIV/AIDS
 +
|publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]]
 +
|date=2020
 +
|accessdate=2020-07-16
 +
}}
  
 +
{{ABBR}}
 
{{REF}}
 
{{REF}}
  
 
[[Kategorie:Organisation]]
 
[[Kategorie:Organisation]]
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[[Kategorie:Beschneidung in Afrika]]
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[[Kategorie:Von CircLeaks]]
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[[Kategorie:Von IntactWiki]]
  
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[[en:{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]
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[[en:World Health Organization]]

Version vom 3. August 2022, 12:08 Uhr

WHO.jpg
Chefbeschneidungsexperte:
David R. Tomlinson
Verbundene Organisationen:
UNAIDS

Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (World Health Organization, WHO) ist die neueste Manifestation einer internationalen Gesundheitsorganisation. Ihr ging die Gesundheitsorganisation des Völkerbundes in Genf voraus, die ihre letzte Sitzung 1938 kurz vor Ausbruch des Zweiten Weltkriegs abhielt. Kurz nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg fand in San Francisco eine Konferenz verbündeter Nationen statt, um die Vereinten Nationen zu gründen, zu welcher Zeit die „Charta der Vereinten Nationen“ entworfen wurde. Die verbündeten Nationen dachten auch, dass eine neue internationale Gesundheitsorganisation gegründet werden sollte. Die WHO-Verfassung trat 1948 in Kraft, und im selben Jahr fand in Genf die erste Weltgesundheitsversammlung statt, um Prioritäten für die neue Organisation festzulegen.[1]

Die WHO wird von einem Generaldirektor geleitet. Der derzeitige Generaldirektor in Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, der sein Amt im April 2017 angetreten hat.

Finanzierung

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The WHO receives contributions from many sources, however the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is the largest contributor.[2] Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. reports that huge contributions from the Gates Foundation to the WHO gives Bill Gates "leverage and control over WHO's $5.6 budget and over international health policy".[3] Bill Gates' promotion of male circumcision is well-known, so this may explain why the WHO clings to an outmoded and discredited position on male circumcision.

Befürwortung der männlichen Beschneidung

In July 2012, the WHO (World Health Organization) published a study[4] (just in time for the just then started Circumcision Debate in Germany) which recommended to perform circumcisions as a prevention against HIV/AIDS. This study supposedly promises a 60% protection against AIDS.

Circumcision proponents use this study[5] for justifying even circumcisions on male toddlers and infants in Germany, Europe and Northern America. But the study only referred to Africa (Kenya, Uganda, and South Africa) and only to adults.

In fact, the study is scientifically vulnerable and has since been sharply criticized by experts.

Leitlinienentwicklungsgruppe (Guideline Development Group, GDG)

In May 2018, the WHO announced to develop new guidelines on male circumcision, focusing on doing even more male circumcisions as a HIV/AIS prevention action.[6] They named the following GDG members:

At least 16 members of the GDG are biased in favor of circumcision, while only 7 members have unclear points of view. Chances are that they are also strongly involved in this topic and take a position in favor of circumcision. The WHO will certainly have deliberately selected and named these experts on circumcision. One can therefore accuse the WHO of bias on this topic. The Director-General has so far failed to address the issue of bias in the CDG.



The following sections are from IntactWiki:

The World Health Organization (2011) endorses male circumcision as an HIV prevention method based on the three RCTs in Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda.[7]

”WHO Endorses Circumcision as HIV Prevention
...male circumcision should be considered an efficacious intervention for HIV prevention in countries and regions with heterosexual epidemics, high HIV and low male circumcision prevalence. (Weltgesundheitsorganisation)[8]

On their website[8], they acknowledge that, even if the latest "studies" were correct, "[m]ale circumcision provides only partial protection," and that it should be part of a "comprehensive HIV prevention package" that includes HIV testing and counseling services, treatment for STD infections, the promotion of safer sex practices and the provision of condoms and the promotion of their correct and consistent use.

Hinweis: Even if the recent trials were accurate (and their credibility is highly questionable), circumcision could only reduce the relative risk of acquiring HIV between circumcised and uncircumcised men by 60% over a period of about one year.[9] Condoms have an absolute reduction risk of acquiring HIV that's over 95% (closer to 100% when used properly), making circumcision a moot point.

Chefexperte für Säuglingsbeschneidung

David R. Tomlinson (2008) is the inventor of the AccuCirc device for infant circumcision.[10] He also wrote a manual on infant circumcision (2011) for the World Health Organization.[11]

Initiativen seit 2006

The Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR), together with the WHO Department of HIV/AIDS and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), launched a number of new initiatives in 2006–2007.[12]

Beschneidungshandbuch

Infant boys are born with a healthy penis and foreskin. Treatment is not required. Infant boys do not engage in sexual intercourse so they cannot contract HIV infection by sexual intercourse. Infant boys cannot grant consent for this irreversible body altering surgery which violate several significant United Nations human rights instruments.

Nevertheless, in partnership with other WHO departments, UNAIDS, and the Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Gynecology and Obstetrics (JHPIEGO), the Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR) has developed a Manual for male infant circumcision under local anaesthesia.[13][12] JHPIEGO addresses female gynecological health and is out of its field in addressing male health.

The manual is intended for use by clinical officers, who can be trained to perform uncomplicated circumcision, and to refer more complex cases. The manual is expected to be published in 2011. The manual itself is supported by training guides and a certification framework, to facilitate the upgrading of skills of officers who are not otherwise authorized to perform surgery.

As justification for circumcision, the Manual alleges that circumcision would reduce the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in the first six months of life, however this is not a valid justification because UTI, if it should occur, is easily treated medically instead of with body-altering surgery.[14]

Moreover, the foreskin protects the penis from infection, so the amputation of the foreskin makes UTI more likely. In infant boys, UTIs originate from the external environment, strongly suggesting that these infections are iatrogenically caused.[15] Two interventions that put the male infant at immediate risk for UTIs are circumcision, and forced retraction of the foreskin. These interventions tear away the synechia which binds the foreskin to the glans in male infants, thereby creating entry points for E. coli bacteria,[16] which binds to the glans penis of the infant.[17] Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a complication of circumcision.[18][19][20][21]

The VMMC Experience Project (2019) has published a massive, illustrated, 153-page report on VMMC in Africa for the United Nations.[22]

In a letter to Ambassador Deborah L. Birx, M.D.[a 1], (2020) the head of the United States PEPFAR program, Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.) called circumcision ineffective and called for PEPFAR to abandon the WHO VMMC program and redirect its funds to anti-retroviral therapy and the provision of condomʂ[23]


Promotion of infant circumcision by publishing a manual has the effect of increasing demand for circumcision devices such as those manufactured by David R. Tomlinson.

Bewertungs-Werkzeugkasten

RHR is also supporting the development of a toolkit that will allow countries to assess their preparedness for introducing or expanding male circumcision services. RHR contributed to a number of other documents dealing with various aspects of male circumcision, including a review of global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability, and a guide to enhancing the quality of male circumcision services.

Polio-Skandal

Kennedy (2021) reports that Bill Gates and Anthony Fauci met in 2000, after which Gates started a "global polio vaccine campaign" with $450 million. The polio campaign was promoted by UNICEF and WHO.[24]

In a further indication of World Health Organization malfeasance, ZeroHedge reports that polio vaccine provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in a WHO sponsored polio vaccination scheme actually causes polio. Sudan, Chad, and Cameroon are reporting outbreaks of polio from Gates vaccine supplied through the WHO initiative.[25]

Siehe auch

CircWatch

Weblinks

Abkürzungen

  1. ↑ REFweb Doctor of Medicine, Wikipedia (englisch). Abgerufen 14. Juni 2021.

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ REFjournal McCarthy M. A brief history of the World Health Organization [Eine kurze Geschichte der Weltgesundheitsorganisation] (Englisch). Lancet. 12. Oktober 2002; 360(9340): 1111-2. PMID. DOI. Abgerufen am 28. Dezember 2021.
  2. ↑ REFweb Mercola, Joseph (4. Oktober 2021). New documentary on WHO exposes widespread corruption, massive funding by Bill Gates, LifeSite. Abgerufen 3. Januar 2022.
  3. ↑ REFbook Kennedy, Jr., Robert F. (2021): The Real Anthony Fauci. S. 301. New York: Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-I51076680-8. Abgerufen 28. Dezember 2021.
  4. ↑ Male circumcision for HIV prevention
  5. ↑ REFweb (Juli 2012). Voluntary medical male circumcision for HIV prevention. Abgerufen 4. September 2020.
  6. ↑ REFweb (Mai 2018). WHO to develop new guidelines on male circumcision. Abgerufen 26. März 2020.
  7. ↑ REFweb (2011). Male circumcision for HIV prevention, World Health Organization. Abgerufen 6. Mai 2011.
  8. ↑ a b REFweb (2011). Male circumcision for HIV prevention, World Health Organization.
  9. ↑ REFjournal Boyle GJ, Hill G. Sub-Saharan African randomised clinical trials into male circumcision and HIV transmission: Methodological, ethical and legal concerns PDF [Randomisierte klinische Studien in Afrika unterhalb der Sahara zur männlichen Beschneidung und HIV-Übertragung: Methodische, ethische und rechtliche Bedenken {language=Englisch]. Thompson Reuter. Dezember 2011; 19(2): 316-34. PMID. Abgerufen am 30. Dezember 2020.
  10. ↑ REFnews Katz, Paula S. (September 2008)."Night work without burnout", Today's Hospitalist. Abgerufen 26. September 2011. "...an invention: a circumcision tool to help prevent HIV that has recently been cleared by the FDA."
  11. ↑ REFnews Hennessy-Fiske, Molly (26. September 2011)."Injuries linked to circumcision clamps", Los Angeles Times. Abgerufen 25. September 2011. "Dr. David Tomlinson, who teaches family medicine at Brown University in Providence, RI, wrote a manual on infant circumcision for the World Health Organization."
  12. ↑ a b REFweb (2011). Male circumcision for HIV control, World Health Organization. Abgerufen 6. Mai 2011.
  13. ↑ REFbook World Health Organization, JHPIEGO (2010): Manual for early infant male circumcision under local anaesthesia. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Document Production Services. ISBN 9789241500753. Abgerufen 1. Juni 2011.
  14. ↑ REFjournal McCracken GH. Options in antimicrobial management of urinary tract infections in infants and children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. August 1989; 8(8): 552-5.
  15. ↑ REFjournal Maskell R, et al. Urinary Pathogens in the Male. British Journal of Urology. 1975; 47
  16. ↑ REFjournal Winberg J, et al. The Prepuce: A Mistake of Nature?. Lancet. 1989; : 598-9.
  17. ↑ REFjournal Cunningham N. Circumcision and urinary tract infections (letter). Pediatrics. 1986; 77(2): 267.
  18. ↑ REFjournal Smith RM. Recent contributions to the study of pyelitis in infancy. Am J Dis Child. 1916; XII: 235-43.
  19. ↑ REFjournal Cohen H, et al. Postcircumcision Urinary Tract Infection. Clinical Pediatrics. 1992; : 322-4.
  20. ↑ REFjournal Goldman M, Barr J, Bistritzer T, Aladjem M. Urinary tract infection following ritual jewish circumcision. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences. 1996; 32(11): 1098-102.
  21. ↑ REFjournal Prais D, Shoov-Furman R, Amir J. Is circumcision a risk factor for neonatal urinary tract infections?. Arch Dis Child. 6. Oktober 2008; DOI.
  22. ↑ REFdocument Fish, Max: Circumcision Campaigns: African experience and human rights: The U.N. Report PDF, VMMC Experience Project. (7. Mai 2019). Abgerufen 15. Mai 2021.
  23. ↑ REFdocument Denniston, George C.: World Health Organization, HIV, and male circumcision, Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.). (29. Juni 2020). Abgerufen 4. September 2020.
  24. ↑ REFbook Kennedy, Jr., Robert F. (2021): The Real Anthony Fauci. S. 340. New York: Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-I51076680-8. Abgerufen 29. Dezember 2021.
  25. ↑ REFnews Durden, Tyler (4. September 2020)."UN Forced To Admit Gates-Funded Vaccine Is Causing Polio Outbreak In Africa", ZeroHedge. Abgerufen 6. September 2020. "While international organisations like the World Health Organization (WHO) will regular boast about supposedly ‘eradicating polio’ with vaccines, the opposite seems to be the case. Their decades-long campaign to eradicate polio is now killing scores of innocent young people living in poor countries."
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