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Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „{{NYT en}} '''Masturbation''' is the sexual stimulation of one's own genitals for sexual arousal or other sexual pleasure, usually to the point of orgasm.<ref…“
{{NYT en}}
'''Masturbation''' is the sexual stimulation of one's own genitals for sexual arousal or other sexual pleasure, usually to the point of orgasm.<ref name="webmd">{{REFweb
|first=Jennifer
|last=Robinson
|url=http://www.webmd.com/sex-relationships/guide/masturbation-guide
|title=Masturbation – Is Masturbation Normal or Harmful? Who Masturbates? Why Do People Masturbate?
|publisher=WebMD
|date=2010-03-04
|accessdate=2011-08-17
}}</ref><ref name="Lehmiller">{{REFbook
|last=Lehmiller
|first=J.J.
|title=The Psychology of Human Sexuality
|publisher=John Wiley & Sons
|isbn=978-1119164708
|year=2017
|page=402
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ytk5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT402
| quote=Masturbation refers to all solo forms of self-stimulation focusing on the genitals. Masturbation practices vary widely depending upon the individual's body and personal preferences. For instance, masturbation among women may involve manipulation of the clitoris and labia, stimulation of the breasts, or vaginal penetration with a sex toy. [...] Among men, masturbation most frequently involves using one or both hands to stimulate the penis. Of course, men sometimes utilize sex toys too (e.g., masturbation sleeves, butt-plugs, etc.).
}}</ref><ref name="Nadal">{{REFbook
|last=Nadal
|first=K.L.
|title=The SAGE Encyclopedia of Psychology and Gender
|publisher=SAGE
|isbn=978-1483384276
|year=2017
|page=1123
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lVYoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1123
|quote=Masturbation is the act of touching or otherwise stimulating one's own body, particularly one's genitals, for the purpose of sexual pleasure and/or orgasm. The term is most commonly used to describe solitary masturbation, in which people provide themselves with sexual stimulation while they are physically alone. Mutual masturbation is when two or more people manually stimulate their own body or each other's bodies.
}}</ref> The stimulation may involve hands, fingers, everyday objects, sex toys such as vibrators, or combinations of these.<ref name="webmd"/><ref name="Lehmiller"/> Mutual masturbation is masturbation with a sexual partner,<ref name="Nadal"/><ref name="Bruess">{{REFbook
|last=Bruess
|first=C.E.
|last2=Schroeder
|first2=E.
|title=Sexuality Education Theory And Practice
|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers
|isbn=978-1449649289
|year=2013
|page=151
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WWFW6-kkAVoC&pg=PA151
}}</ref> and may include manual stimulation of a partner's genitals (fingering or a handjob),<ref name="Bruess"/> or be used as a form of non-penetrative sex.<ref name="Upton">{{REFbook
|last=Upton
|first=D.
|title=Nursing & Health Survival Guide: Health Promotion
|publisher=Routledge
|isbn=978-1317906179
|year=2014
|page=52
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VnvJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA52
}}</ref>
Masturbation is frequent in both sexes and at any age. Various medical and psychological benefits have been attributed to a healthy attitude toward sexual activity in general and to masturbation in particular. No causal relationship is known between masturbation and any form of mental or physical disorder.<ref>{{REFbook
|last=Coleman
|first=Eli
|year=2012
|orig-year=2002
|url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150722160223/http://samples.sainsburysebooks.co.uk/9781317787587_sample_833458.pdf
|editors=Bockting, Walter O. & Coleman, Eli
|title=Masturbation as a Means of Achieving Sexual Health
|location=New York
|publisher=Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
|page=7
|isbn=978-0-7890-2047-5
|oclc=50913590
|quote=Despite the scientific evidence indicating that masturbation is generally a normal variant of sexual expression and that it does not seem to have a causal relationship with sexual pathology, negative attitudes about masturbation persist and it remains stigmatized.
}}</ref> In the Western world, masturbation in private or with a partner is generally considered a normal and healthy part of sexual enjoyment.
== Männliche Masturbation ==
The manner of male masturbation tends to be controlled by the [[circumcision]] status of the individual.
How one masturbates depends on whether one has an internally-lubricated movable [[foreskin]] that glides up and down the shaft or whether one has been circumcised.
=== Intakter Penis ===
The movable, internally-lubricated, [[Ridged band| nerve-laden]] erogenous [[foreskin]] and its [[gliding action]] is an important aid to masturbation. Intact males simply use their hand to glide the foreskin back and forth. It is not necessary to retract the foreskin while masturbating.
=== Beschnittener Penis ===
Circumcision was introduced in Victorian times to unforeskin the penis, tighten the skin to make it immovable, and make it impossible to masturbate. It failed to stop masturbation but it made it harder to do and less enjoyable. Kim & Pang (2007) reported that masturbatory pleasure decreased in 48% of the respondents and increased in 8%, while difficulty increased in 63% but was easier in 37%. They concluded that there was a decrease in masturbatory pleasure after circumcision.<ref name="kimpang2007">{{REFjournal
|last=DaiSik
|first=Kim
|first2=Myung-Geol
|last2=Pang
|title=The effect of male circumcision on sexuality
|journal=BJU Int
|volume=99
|issue=3
|pages=619-622
|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06646.x
|quote=
|pubmedID=17155977
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06646.x
|date=2007-03
|accessdate=2020-02-18
}}</ref> Circumcised males found that they could still masturbate if they used lubrication to overcome the handicap of being circumcised. Most, but not all, circumcised males need lubrication to avoid friction irritation. Some who have a limited gliding action suffice with that.
Substances with harsh or irritant chemicals should not be used for lubrication.
One may use various personal lubricants that are sold for sexual lubrication or one may use such substances as baby oil, coconut oil, other vegetables oils, and saliva. Saliva dries rapidly so it must be replenished frequently, but it is always available.
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Sexual effects of circumcision]]
{{LINKS}}
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/masturbationquestions/wiki/howmale How to masturbate with a penis]
* {{REFweb
|url=http://www.jackinworld.com/techniques/the-basics/lubrication
|title=Lubrication
|trans-title=
|language=
|last=
|first=
|author-link=
|publisher=
|website=jackinworld
|date=
|accessdate=2020-02-17
|format=
|quote=
}}
{{REF}}
[[Kategorie:Begriffe]]
[[Kategorie:Männliche Beschneidung]]
[[en:Masturbation]]
'''Masturbation''' is the sexual stimulation of one's own genitals for sexual arousal or other sexual pleasure, usually to the point of orgasm.<ref name="webmd">{{REFweb
|first=Jennifer
|last=Robinson
|url=http://www.webmd.com/sex-relationships/guide/masturbation-guide
|title=Masturbation – Is Masturbation Normal or Harmful? Who Masturbates? Why Do People Masturbate?
|publisher=WebMD
|date=2010-03-04
|accessdate=2011-08-17
}}</ref><ref name="Lehmiller">{{REFbook
|last=Lehmiller
|first=J.J.
|title=The Psychology of Human Sexuality
|publisher=John Wiley & Sons
|isbn=978-1119164708
|year=2017
|page=402
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ytk5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT402
| quote=Masturbation refers to all solo forms of self-stimulation focusing on the genitals. Masturbation practices vary widely depending upon the individual's body and personal preferences. For instance, masturbation among women may involve manipulation of the clitoris and labia, stimulation of the breasts, or vaginal penetration with a sex toy. [...] Among men, masturbation most frequently involves using one or both hands to stimulate the penis. Of course, men sometimes utilize sex toys too (e.g., masturbation sleeves, butt-plugs, etc.).
}}</ref><ref name="Nadal">{{REFbook
|last=Nadal
|first=K.L.
|title=The SAGE Encyclopedia of Psychology and Gender
|publisher=SAGE
|isbn=978-1483384276
|year=2017
|page=1123
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lVYoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1123
|quote=Masturbation is the act of touching or otherwise stimulating one's own body, particularly one's genitals, for the purpose of sexual pleasure and/or orgasm. The term is most commonly used to describe solitary masturbation, in which people provide themselves with sexual stimulation while they are physically alone. Mutual masturbation is when two or more people manually stimulate their own body or each other's bodies.
}}</ref> The stimulation may involve hands, fingers, everyday objects, sex toys such as vibrators, or combinations of these.<ref name="webmd"/><ref name="Lehmiller"/> Mutual masturbation is masturbation with a sexual partner,<ref name="Nadal"/><ref name="Bruess">{{REFbook
|last=Bruess
|first=C.E.
|last2=Schroeder
|first2=E.
|title=Sexuality Education Theory And Practice
|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers
|isbn=978-1449649289
|year=2013
|page=151
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WWFW6-kkAVoC&pg=PA151
}}</ref> and may include manual stimulation of a partner's genitals (fingering or a handjob),<ref name="Bruess"/> or be used as a form of non-penetrative sex.<ref name="Upton">{{REFbook
|last=Upton
|first=D.
|title=Nursing & Health Survival Guide: Health Promotion
|publisher=Routledge
|isbn=978-1317906179
|year=2014
|page=52
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VnvJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA52
}}</ref>
Masturbation is frequent in both sexes and at any age. Various medical and psychological benefits have been attributed to a healthy attitude toward sexual activity in general and to masturbation in particular. No causal relationship is known between masturbation and any form of mental or physical disorder.<ref>{{REFbook
|last=Coleman
|first=Eli
|year=2012
|orig-year=2002
|url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150722160223/http://samples.sainsburysebooks.co.uk/9781317787587_sample_833458.pdf
|editors=Bockting, Walter O. & Coleman, Eli
|title=Masturbation as a Means of Achieving Sexual Health
|location=New York
|publisher=Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
|page=7
|isbn=978-0-7890-2047-5
|oclc=50913590
|quote=Despite the scientific evidence indicating that masturbation is generally a normal variant of sexual expression and that it does not seem to have a causal relationship with sexual pathology, negative attitudes about masturbation persist and it remains stigmatized.
}}</ref> In the Western world, masturbation in private or with a partner is generally considered a normal and healthy part of sexual enjoyment.
== Männliche Masturbation ==
The manner of male masturbation tends to be controlled by the [[circumcision]] status of the individual.
How one masturbates depends on whether one has an internally-lubricated movable [[foreskin]] that glides up and down the shaft or whether one has been circumcised.
=== Intakter Penis ===
The movable, internally-lubricated, [[Ridged band| nerve-laden]] erogenous [[foreskin]] and its [[gliding action]] is an important aid to masturbation. Intact males simply use their hand to glide the foreskin back and forth. It is not necessary to retract the foreskin while masturbating.
=== Beschnittener Penis ===
Circumcision was introduced in Victorian times to unforeskin the penis, tighten the skin to make it immovable, and make it impossible to masturbate. It failed to stop masturbation but it made it harder to do and less enjoyable. Kim & Pang (2007) reported that masturbatory pleasure decreased in 48% of the respondents and increased in 8%, while difficulty increased in 63% but was easier in 37%. They concluded that there was a decrease in masturbatory pleasure after circumcision.<ref name="kimpang2007">{{REFjournal
|last=DaiSik
|first=Kim
|first2=Myung-Geol
|last2=Pang
|title=The effect of male circumcision on sexuality
|journal=BJU Int
|volume=99
|issue=3
|pages=619-622
|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06646.x
|quote=
|pubmedID=17155977
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06646.x
|date=2007-03
|accessdate=2020-02-18
}}</ref> Circumcised males found that they could still masturbate if they used lubrication to overcome the handicap of being circumcised. Most, but not all, circumcised males need lubrication to avoid friction irritation. Some who have a limited gliding action suffice with that.
Substances with harsh or irritant chemicals should not be used for lubrication.
One may use various personal lubricants that are sold for sexual lubrication or one may use such substances as baby oil, coconut oil, other vegetables oils, and saliva. Saliva dries rapidly so it must be replenished frequently, but it is always available.
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Sexual effects of circumcision]]
{{LINKS}}
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/masturbationquestions/wiki/howmale How to masturbate with a penis]
* {{REFweb
|url=http://www.jackinworld.com/techniques/the-basics/lubrication
|title=Lubrication
|trans-title=
|language=
|last=
|first=
|author-link=
|publisher=
|website=jackinworld
|date=
|accessdate=2020-02-17
|format=
|quote=
}}
{{REF}}
[[Kategorie:Begriffe]]
[[Kategorie:Männliche Beschneidung]]
[[en:Masturbation]]