Johns Hopkins

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The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health funds the Rakai Project.[1] Johns Hopkins is part of the Health Communication Partnership[2], which is currently promoting circumcision in Uganda via mass media.[3]

Rakai Project

The Rakai Health Sciences Program (RHSP) is a program that began in 1987 in Uguanda, Africa to investigate the then-mysterious HIV.[4] The RHSP is headed by husband and wife team Ronald Gray and Maria Wawer (the Senior Principal Investigators),[5] who conduct biased research to look for justifications in rolling out mass circumcision programs around the world.[6] The RHSP is funded by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School for Public Health, the Uguanda Virus Research Institute, the National Institutes of Health, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.[7][8]

History of the Rakai Project

The Rakai Project was created in 1987 by a group of scientists from Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda who decided to investigate HIV infection in the Rakai district by initiating a small community cohort study. The original senior Principal Investigators of the Rakai Project were Nelson Sewankambo, David Serwadda, and Maria Wawer.[4] The Rakai Project has since changed its name to the Rakai Health Services Program, and has a current staff of just under 400 principal investigators, multidisciplinary professionals, and support staff.[4]

Promoting Circumcision as an HIV Prevention Method

The RHSP promotes mass circumcision as a means to prevent the spread of HIV. A Youtube video uploaded by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School for Public Health highlights the RHSP's mass circumcision program.[6]

”Rakai Project Doctor Promotes Circumcision
It's been hard to change policy because it's a whole new paradigm. We've never used surgery to prevent an infectious disease. Policy makers had to take some time to really wrap their minds around it.
– Ronald Gray (Rakai Project. YouTube)[9]

Circumcision Manual

In partnership with other WHO departments, UNAIDS, and the Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR), Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Gynecology and Obstetrics (JHPIEGO) has developed a Manual for male infant circumcision under local anaesthesia.[10] The manual is intended for use by clinical officers, who can be trained to perform uncomplicated circumcision on infants, and to refer more complex cases. The manual is expected to be published in 2011. The manual itself is supported by training guides and a certification framework, to facilitate the upgrading of skills of officers who are not otherwise authorized to perform surgery.

Music Video

At the Rakai clinic, a propaganda music video promoting circumcision plays continuously in the waiting room.[11][12]

”Chorus Lyrics
It's a global recommendation
from the World Health Organization
That men should be circumcised
”Bridge/Outro Lyrics (female singer)
Circumcision has got many benefits. You'll become clean, clean, and cleaner... and when the men are circumcised, it reduces sexual infections in women. Circumcision is SO GOOD. Circumcision is SO SAFE. Men should be circumcised!

Original Research

Johns Hopkins did research[13] which showed circumcision offered a protective benefit against HPV. This was later debunked[14].

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ REFweb Rakai Health Sciences Program. Abgerufen 2. Mai 2011.
    Zitat: Celebrating 20+ Years of Public Health Research in Uganda
  2. ↑ REFweb HCP: Inspiring Voices Collective Action. Abgerufen 20. Juni 2011.
    Zitat: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health/Center for Communication Programs in partnership with Academy for Educational Development, Save the Children, The International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
  3. ↑ REFweb Mirembe, Irene (19. Juni 2011). Embrace male circumcision to reduce HIV, New Vision - Uganda's Leading Website. Abgerufen 20. Juni 2011.
    Zitat: The writer works with Health Communication Partnership
  4. ↑ a b c REFweb Rakai Project. History of the Rakai Health Sciences Program. Abgerufen 2. Mai 2011.
  5. ↑ REFweb Rakai Project. Our People at Johns Hopkins University. Abgerufen 2. Mai 2011.
  6. ↑ a b REFweb JohnsHopkinsSPH (10. Januar 2012). Rakai Project.
  7. ↑ REFweb Rakai Project. Rakai Health Sciences Program. Abgerufen 2. Mai 2011.
  8. ↑ REFbook Kong, Xiangrong (28 February 2011): Longer-term Effects of Male Circumcision on HIV Incidence and Risk Behaviors during Post-trial Surveillance in Rakai, Uganda. 18th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (Hrsg.). S. 36. Boston, Massachusetts Abgerufen 2. Mai 2011. Acknowledgements slide Video of Presentation with Slides and Audio Download Link
  9. ↑ JohnsHopkinsSPH. (2010). Rakai Project. YouTube
  10. ↑ REFbook World Health Organization, JHPIEGO (2010): Manual for early infant male circumcision under local anaesthesia. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Document Production Services. ISBN 9789241500753. Abgerufen 1. Juni 2011.
  11. ↑ REFweb JohnsHopkinsSPH (1. Dezember 2010). Rakai Project.
  12. ↑ REFweb smugamba (10. Juni 2010). Rakai male circumcision video by Stephen Mugamba feat Jemima Sanyu.mpg.
  13. ↑ http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)61967-8/abstract
  14. ↑ http://intactnews.org/node/119/1314979135/circumcision-does-not-prevent-hpv-infection-rct-data-039inflated039-study-finds
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