9.212
Bearbeitungen
Änderungen
Zur Navigation springen
Zur Suche springen
Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „{{Baustelle}} {| class="wikitable" |+US Laws Against FGM - State by State !State || Applicable law || Only applies to minors (under 18 unless otherwise specif…“
{{Baustelle}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+US Laws Against FGM - State by State
!State || Applicable law || Only applies to minors (under 18 unless otherwise specified) || Parent/ Guardian and circumciser subject to prosecution || “Vacation provision” banning travel outside the state for FGM || Cultural/ ritual reason and/or consent not a defense || Provisions for community education and outreach || Sentence
|-
|'''Alabama''' || [PROPOSED LEGISLATION: HB421] || style="text-align:center;"| Under 19 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 2 - 20 years and/or fine up to $30,000
|-
|'''Arizona''' || A.R.S § 12-513, 13-705, 13-1214, 13-3620 Effective 4/24/2014 || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || || Imprisonment 5.25 - 35 years and fine of not less than $25,000
|-
|'''Arkansas''' || A.C.A. § 5-14-135, 12-18-103, 16-118-116, 17-80-121, 20-82-101, 20-82-102 Effective Mar. 26, 2019 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || Imprisonment 3-10 years
|-
|'''California''' <ref>California: enhanced penalty for FGM under “Abandonment and Neglect of Children” (Penal Code).</ref> || Cal. Pen. Code § 273a, 273.4 Passed in 1996; Effective 1/1/1997 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || || style="text-align:center;"| x || Imprisonment 1 - 6 years
|-
|'''Colorado''' <ref>Colorado: within child abuse law, and one of few states where doctor-patient and husband-wife privileges are inapplicable in prosecutions for FGM.</ref> || Col. Rev. Stat. § 18-6-401 Effective 5/24/1999 || style="text-align:center;"| Under 16 || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || Imprisonment minimum 4 years
|-
|'''Connecticut''' || [PROPOSED LEGISLATION: H.B. 5142, S.B. 505 ] || style="text-align:center;"| x || || || || || Imprisonment up to 5 years and fine up to $5,000
|-
|'''Delaware''' || Del. Code Tit. 11, § 780 Effective 7/3/1996 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to 5 years
|-
|'''Florida''' || Fla. Stat. § 794.08 Effective 10/1/2018 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to 15 years and/or fine up to $10,000
|-
|'''Georgia''' <ref>Georgia: One of few states where husband-wife and other statutory privileges are inapplicable in prosecutions for FGM.</ref> || O.C.G.A. § 16-5-27 Effective 7/1/2005 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 5 - 20 years
|-
|'''Hawaii''' || [PROPOSED LEGISLATION: SB 1434, HB 132] || || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || Imprisonment for an indeterminate term
|-
|'''Idaho''' || I.C. §18-1506B, I.C. §19-402, Passed March 21, 2019 Effective Jul. 1, 2019 || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to life
|-
|'''Illinois''' || PASSED: 720 Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/12-34 Effective 1/1/1998 <br> [PROPOSED LEGISLATION HB3498] || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 6 - 30 years
|-
|'''Iowa''' || [PROPOSED LEGISLATION: <br> HF 63, HF 299; HF 534; HSB 115; SF 346] || || || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment for up to 2 years and fine of $625-$6,250
|-
|'''Kansas''' || K.S.A. § 21-5431 Enacted 4/10/2013 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 89-100 months
|-
|'''Louisiana''' || La. R.S. 14:43.4 Effective 8/1/2012 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to 15 years
|-
|'''Maryland''' || Md. Code Health-Gen. § 20-601, 602 Effective 4/28/1998 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to 5 years and/or fine up to $5,000
|-
|'''Massachusetts''' || [PROPOSED LEGISLATION S.834, H.1466, H.3332] || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || Imprisonment 2.5-10 years and fine up to $10,000
|-
|'''Michigan''' || MI ST 750.136 Effective 10/9/2017 || style="text-align:center;"| x || || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to 15 years
|-
|'''Minnesota''' || PASSED: Minn. Stat. § 144.3872, 609.2245; Effective 8/1/1995 <br> [PROPOSED LEGISLATION: HF 373] || || || || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || Imprisonment up to 5 years and/or fine up to $10,000
|-
|'''Missouri''' || Mo. Rev. Stat. § 568.065 Passed 7/13/2000; Effective 1/1/2017 || style="text-align:center;"| Under 17 || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 5 - 15 years
|-
|'''Nevada''' || Nev. Rev. Stat. § 200.5083 Effective 6/26/1997 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 2 - 10 years and/or fine up to $10,000
|-
|'''New Hampshire''' || N.H. Rev. Stat. § 632-A:10-d Effective Jan. 1, 2019 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to 7 years
|-
|'''New Jersey''' || N.J. Stat. § 2C:24- 10 Effective 1/17/2014 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 3 - 5 years
|-
|'''New York''' || N.Y. Penal Law § 130.85 Effective 11/1/1997; N.Y. Public Health Law § 207(k) Effective 11/20/2015 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || Imprisonment up to 4 years
|-
|'''North Carolina''' || [PROPOSED LEGISLATION SB9] || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonmnet up to 15.16 years
|-
|'''North Dakota''' || N.D. Cent. Code § 12.1-36-01 Effective 8/1/1995, Amended 4/5/2019. || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to 5 years and /or fine up to $10,000
|-
|'''Ohio''' || OH ST § 2903.32, 2929.14, 2929.18 || style="text-align:center;"| x || || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 2-8 years and/or a fine up to $15,000, and an additional fine up to $25,000
|-
|'''Oklahoma''' || 21 Okl. St. § 760 Effective 11/1/2009 || || || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 3 years to life and /or fine up to $20,000
|-
|'''Oregon''' || Or. Rev. Stat. § 163.207 Effective 7/15/1999 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to 10 years
|-
|'''Pennsylvania''' || [PROPOSED LEGISLATION HB315] || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment for more than 10 years
|-
|'''Rhode Island''' <ref>Rhode Island: within assault statute</ref> || R.I. Gen. Laws § 11-5-2 Effective 7/3/1996 || || || || || || Imprisonment up to 20 years
|-
|'''South Carolina''' || [PROPOSED LEGISLATION H 3973] || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to 20 years and/or fine up to $20,000
|-
|'''South Dakota''' || S.D.C.L. §§ 22-18- 37, 22-18-38, 22- 18-39 Effective 3/10/2015 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to 10 years and fine up to $20,000
|-
|'''Tennessee''' || PASSED:Tenn. Code § 39-13-110 Effective 7/1/1996, as amended, Effective 7/1/2019 || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 2 - 12 years and /or fine up to $5,000
|-
|'''Texas''' || Tex. Health & Safety Code § 167.001 Effective 9/1/2017 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 6 months-2 years and /or fine up to $10,000
|-
|'''Utah''' || U.C.A. 1953 § 76-5-701, 76-5-702, 76-5-703, 76-5-704 Passed Mar. 22, 2019 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || Imprisonment up to 5 years and/or fine up to $5,000
|-
|'''Vermont''' || [PROPOSED LEGISLATION: H.83] || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || || Imprisonment up to 5 years and/or fine up to $25,000
|-
|'''Virginia''' || Va. Code §§ 8.01- 42.5, 18.2-51.7 Effective July 1, 2018. Va. Code § 22.1-207.1:1, Passed Feb. 22, 2019 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || Imprisonment up to life and/or a fine up to $100,000
|-
|'''Washington''' || [PROPOSED LEGISLATION HB 2000] || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to 10 years and/or fine of $20,000
|-
|'''West Virginia''' || W. Va. Code § 61-8D-3A Passed 2/23/1999; Effective 90 days later || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 2 - 10 years & fine $1-5,000
|-
|'''Wisconsin''' || Wis. Stat. § 146.35 Effective 5/28/1996 || style="text-align:center;"| x || || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 6 years and/or fine up to $10,000
|-
|'''Wyoming''' || [PROPOSED LEGISLATION: HB 1160] || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || || Imprisonment 2-50 years and/or fine up to $10,000
|}
{{LINKS}}
* [https://www.equalitynow.org/us_laws_against_fgm_state_by_state Quelle für diese Angaben, mit Links zu den Gesetzestexten]
{{REF}}
[[Kategorie:Gesetze]]
[[Kategorie:USA]]
[[en:US laws against FGM]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+US Laws Against FGM - State by State
!State || Applicable law || Only applies to minors (under 18 unless otherwise specified) || Parent/ Guardian and circumciser subject to prosecution || “Vacation provision” banning travel outside the state for FGM || Cultural/ ritual reason and/or consent not a defense || Provisions for community education and outreach || Sentence
|-
|'''Alabama''' || [PROPOSED LEGISLATION: HB421] || style="text-align:center;"| Under 19 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 2 - 20 years and/or fine up to $30,000
|-
|'''Arizona''' || A.R.S § 12-513, 13-705, 13-1214, 13-3620 Effective 4/24/2014 || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || || Imprisonment 5.25 - 35 years and fine of not less than $25,000
|-
|'''Arkansas''' || A.C.A. § 5-14-135, 12-18-103, 16-118-116, 17-80-121, 20-82-101, 20-82-102 Effective Mar. 26, 2019 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || Imprisonment 3-10 years
|-
|'''California''' <ref>California: enhanced penalty for FGM under “Abandonment and Neglect of Children” (Penal Code).</ref> || Cal. Pen. Code § 273a, 273.4 Passed in 1996; Effective 1/1/1997 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || || style="text-align:center;"| x || Imprisonment 1 - 6 years
|-
|'''Colorado''' <ref>Colorado: within child abuse law, and one of few states where doctor-patient and husband-wife privileges are inapplicable in prosecutions for FGM.</ref> || Col. Rev. Stat. § 18-6-401 Effective 5/24/1999 || style="text-align:center;"| Under 16 || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || Imprisonment minimum 4 years
|-
|'''Connecticut''' || [PROPOSED LEGISLATION: H.B. 5142, S.B. 505 ] || style="text-align:center;"| x || || || || || Imprisonment up to 5 years and fine up to $5,000
|-
|'''Delaware''' || Del. Code Tit. 11, § 780 Effective 7/3/1996 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to 5 years
|-
|'''Florida''' || Fla. Stat. § 794.08 Effective 10/1/2018 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to 15 years and/or fine up to $10,000
|-
|'''Georgia''' <ref>Georgia: One of few states where husband-wife and other statutory privileges are inapplicable in prosecutions for FGM.</ref> || O.C.G.A. § 16-5-27 Effective 7/1/2005 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 5 - 20 years
|-
|'''Hawaii''' || [PROPOSED LEGISLATION: SB 1434, HB 132] || || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || Imprisonment for an indeterminate term
|-
|'''Idaho''' || I.C. §18-1506B, I.C. §19-402, Passed March 21, 2019 Effective Jul. 1, 2019 || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to life
|-
|'''Illinois''' || PASSED: 720 Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/12-34 Effective 1/1/1998 <br> [PROPOSED LEGISLATION HB3498] || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 6 - 30 years
|-
|'''Iowa''' || [PROPOSED LEGISLATION: <br> HF 63, HF 299; HF 534; HSB 115; SF 346] || || || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment for up to 2 years and fine of $625-$6,250
|-
|'''Kansas''' || K.S.A. § 21-5431 Enacted 4/10/2013 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 89-100 months
|-
|'''Louisiana''' || La. R.S. 14:43.4 Effective 8/1/2012 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to 15 years
|-
|'''Maryland''' || Md. Code Health-Gen. § 20-601, 602 Effective 4/28/1998 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to 5 years and/or fine up to $5,000
|-
|'''Massachusetts''' || [PROPOSED LEGISLATION S.834, H.1466, H.3332] || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || Imprisonment 2.5-10 years and fine up to $10,000
|-
|'''Michigan''' || MI ST 750.136 Effective 10/9/2017 || style="text-align:center;"| x || || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to 15 years
|-
|'''Minnesota''' || PASSED: Minn. Stat. § 144.3872, 609.2245; Effective 8/1/1995 <br> [PROPOSED LEGISLATION: HF 373] || || || || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || Imprisonment up to 5 years and/or fine up to $10,000
|-
|'''Missouri''' || Mo. Rev. Stat. § 568.065 Passed 7/13/2000; Effective 1/1/2017 || style="text-align:center;"| Under 17 || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 5 - 15 years
|-
|'''Nevada''' || Nev. Rev. Stat. § 200.5083 Effective 6/26/1997 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 2 - 10 years and/or fine up to $10,000
|-
|'''New Hampshire''' || N.H. Rev. Stat. § 632-A:10-d Effective Jan. 1, 2019 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to 7 years
|-
|'''New Jersey''' || N.J. Stat. § 2C:24- 10 Effective 1/17/2014 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 3 - 5 years
|-
|'''New York''' || N.Y. Penal Law § 130.85 Effective 11/1/1997; N.Y. Public Health Law § 207(k) Effective 11/20/2015 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || Imprisonment up to 4 years
|-
|'''North Carolina''' || [PROPOSED LEGISLATION SB9] || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonmnet up to 15.16 years
|-
|'''North Dakota''' || N.D. Cent. Code § 12.1-36-01 Effective 8/1/1995, Amended 4/5/2019. || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to 5 years and /or fine up to $10,000
|-
|'''Ohio''' || OH ST § 2903.32, 2929.14, 2929.18 || style="text-align:center;"| x || || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 2-8 years and/or a fine up to $15,000, and an additional fine up to $25,000
|-
|'''Oklahoma''' || 21 Okl. St. § 760 Effective 11/1/2009 || || || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 3 years to life and /or fine up to $20,000
|-
|'''Oregon''' || Or. Rev. Stat. § 163.207 Effective 7/15/1999 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to 10 years
|-
|'''Pennsylvania''' || [PROPOSED LEGISLATION HB315] || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment for more than 10 years
|-
|'''Rhode Island''' <ref>Rhode Island: within assault statute</ref> || R.I. Gen. Laws § 11-5-2 Effective 7/3/1996 || || || || || || Imprisonment up to 20 years
|-
|'''South Carolina''' || [PROPOSED LEGISLATION H 3973] || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to 20 years and/or fine up to $20,000
|-
|'''South Dakota''' || S.D.C.L. §§ 22-18- 37, 22-18-38, 22- 18-39 Effective 3/10/2015 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to 10 years and fine up to $20,000
|-
|'''Tennessee''' || PASSED:Tenn. Code § 39-13-110 Effective 7/1/1996, as amended, Effective 7/1/2019 || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 2 - 12 years and /or fine up to $5,000
|-
|'''Texas''' || Tex. Health & Safety Code § 167.001 Effective 9/1/2017 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 6 months-2 years and /or fine up to $10,000
|-
|'''Utah''' || U.C.A. 1953 § 76-5-701, 76-5-702, 76-5-703, 76-5-704 Passed Mar. 22, 2019 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || Imprisonment up to 5 years and/or fine up to $5,000
|-
|'''Vermont''' || [PROPOSED LEGISLATION: H.83] || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || || Imprisonment up to 5 years and/or fine up to $25,000
|-
|'''Virginia''' || Va. Code §§ 8.01- 42.5, 18.2-51.7 Effective July 1, 2018. Va. Code § 22.1-207.1:1, Passed Feb. 22, 2019 || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || Imprisonment up to life and/or a fine up to $100,000
|-
|'''Washington''' || [PROPOSED LEGISLATION HB 2000] || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment up to 10 years and/or fine of $20,000
|-
|'''West Virginia''' || W. Va. Code § 61-8D-3A Passed 2/23/1999; Effective 90 days later || style="text-align:center;"| x || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 2 - 10 years & fine $1-5,000
|-
|'''Wisconsin''' || Wis. Stat. § 146.35 Effective 5/28/1996 || style="text-align:center;"| x || || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || Imprisonment 6 years and/or fine up to $10,000
|-
|'''Wyoming''' || [PROPOSED LEGISLATION: HB 1160] || style="text-align:center;"| x || || style="text-align:center;"| x || || || Imprisonment 2-50 years and/or fine up to $10,000
|}
{{LINKS}}
* [https://www.equalitynow.org/us_laws_against_fgm_state_by_state Quelle für diese Angaben, mit Links zu den Gesetzestexten]
{{REF}}
[[Kategorie:Gesetze]]
[[Kategorie:USA]]
[[en:US laws against FGM]]