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Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „{{NYT en}} {{GraphicWarning}} thumb|Penis with a visible circumcision scar In males who have been circumcised, the '''circumci…“
{{NYT en}}
{{GraphicWarning}}
[[File:Circumcised_flaccid.jpg|thumb|Penis with a visible circumcision scar]]
In males who have been circumcised, the '''circumcision scar''' refers to the scar remaining after a [[circumcision]] has healed. In some cases, the scar can be darker-colored, and, in all cases, it will encircle the shaft of the [[penis]].
==Appearance==
The scar, which completely encircles the shaft of the [[penis]], is located at the boundary of the shaft skin and the inner [[foreskin]] remnant, which is the portion of the foreskin that was not removed during circumcision. This foreskin remnant is [[preputial mucosa]] that lies between the glans and the circumcision scar, which results in dissimilar tissue healing together. In adult circumcision part of the [[frenulum]] may remain intact. The foreskin remnant is dried mucosa and can often have a different color and texture than the rest of the penile skin. It can be pinkish or light-colored, and it typically becomes covered with keratin to protect it from a dry environment. Some circumcision scars result in a marked color difference on the shaft.
The characteristics of the circumcision scar often depend on the technique that was used. Open surgical techniques using sutures may cause uneven scarring where the sutures were placed. Newborn circumcisions do not require sutures and therefore may result in a fine, even scar, but may also result in adhesions and [http://www.circumstitions.com/Restric/Botched1sb.html skin bridges].<ref name="gracely-kilgore1984">{{REFjournal
|last=Gracely-Kilgore
|first=Katherine A
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Penile adhesion: the hidden complication of circumcision
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Nurse Pract
|date=1984
|volume=9
|issue=5
|pages=22-4
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/gracely1/
|quote=
|pubmedID=6728346
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|accessdate=2019-10-19
}}</ref> <ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Ponsky
|first=L.E.
|author-link=
|last2=Ross
|first2=J.H.
|author2-link=
|last3=Knipper
|first3=N.
|author3-link=
|last4=Kay
|first4=R.
|author4-link=
|etal=no
|title=Penile adhesions after neonatal circumcision
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Urol
|date=2000
|volume=
|issue=
|pages=
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/ponsky2/
|quote=
|pubmedID=10893633
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|accessdate=2019-10-19
}}</ref> Circumcisions after the newborn period that are performed without sutures (techniques that use cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive instead of sutures and techniques like [[Plastibell]] that heal by secondary intention) often result in an even, circumferential scar.
Non-surgical [[foreskin restoration]] will eventually result in the scar being concealed within the foreskin.
==Problems with the scar==
<!--There is some controversy as to what happens to the severed nerves of the foreskin at the scar. Xin ''et al''. (1997) suggest that nerves regenerate, forming new receptors.<ref name="Xin1997">{{REFjournal
|last=Xin
|first=Z.C.
|author-link=
|last2=Choi
|first2=Y.D.
|author2-link=
|last3=Rha
|first3=K.H.
|author3-link=
|last4=Choi
|first4=H.K.
|author4-link=
|etal=no
|title=Somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with primary premature ejaculation
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Urol
|date=1997
|volume=158
|issue=2
|pages=451-7
|url=
|quote=
|pubmedID=9224321
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1016/S0022-5347(01)64499-9|
|accessdate=2019-10-18
}}</ref>-->Pathologists Cold & Taylor (1999) report: "Histology of the male circumcision scar shows amputation neuromas, Schwann cell proliferation and the bulbous collection of variably sized neurites. Amputation neuromas do not mediate normal sensation and are notorious for generating pain."<ref name="cold-taylor1999">{{REFjournal
|last=Cold
|first=C.J.
|author-link=
|last2=Taylor
|first2=J.R.
|title=The prepuce
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=BJU Int
|date=1999-01-01
|volume=83 Suppl 1
|issue=
|pages=34-44
|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1034.x
|quote=
|pubmedID=1034941
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1034.x
|accessdate=2019-10-10
}}</ref> Several reports of cancer forming on the circumcision scar have been published.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Bissada
|first=N.K.
|author-link=
|last2=Morcos
|first2=R.R.
|author2-link=
|last3=el-Senoussi
|first3=M.
|author3-link=
|etal=no
|title=Post-circumcision carcinoma of the penis. I. Clinical aspects.
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Urol
|date=1986-02
|volume=35
|issue=2
|pages=282-5
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/cancer/bissada1/
|quote=
|pubmedID=3944860
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1016/s0022-5347(17)45614-x
|accessdate=2019-10-18
}}</ref> <ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Fetsch
|first=J.
|author-link=
|last2=Davis
|first2=C.J.
|author2-link=
|last3=Miettinen
|first3=M.
|author3-link=
|last4=Sesterhenn
|first4=I.A.
|author4-link=
|etal=no
|title=Leiomyosarcoma of the penis: a clinicopathologic study of 14 cases with review of the literature and discussion of the differential diagnosis
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=
|date=2004-01
|volume=28
|issue=1
|pages=115-25
|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1234754
|quote=
|pubmedID=14707873
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1097/00000478-200401000-00014
|accessdate=2019-10-19
}}</ref>
== Additional images ==
<gallery>
File:Circumcisedtwice.jpg|Two toned circumcision scar on an erect penis
File:Justin Roger Hayes - Gomco clamp scar.jpg|Distinctive brown ring scar resulting from neonatal circumcision using the [[Gomco|Gomco clamp]] method
File:Circumcision Scar.jpg|Errors in circumcision may cause uneven scarring
File:Adult circumcision before and after (2).jpg|Before and after
File:Circumcised human penis.jpg|Excised frenulum on a circumcised penis
File:Frenulum remnant of a 34 year old male.jpg|alt=Frenulum remnant and scar from a Gomco clamp circumcision of a 34 year old male|Frenulum remnant and scar from a Gomco clamp circumcision of a 34 year old male
</gallery>
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Circumcision scar removal]]
{{REF}}
[[Kategorie:Beschneidung]]
[[Kategorie:Genital cutting]]
[[Kategorie:Genital surgery]]
[[Kategorie:Männliche Beschneidung]]
[[en:Circumcision scar]]
{{GraphicWarning}}
[[File:Circumcised_flaccid.jpg|thumb|Penis with a visible circumcision scar]]
In males who have been circumcised, the '''circumcision scar''' refers to the scar remaining after a [[circumcision]] has healed. In some cases, the scar can be darker-colored, and, in all cases, it will encircle the shaft of the [[penis]].
==Appearance==
The scar, which completely encircles the shaft of the [[penis]], is located at the boundary of the shaft skin and the inner [[foreskin]] remnant, which is the portion of the foreskin that was not removed during circumcision. This foreskin remnant is [[preputial mucosa]] that lies between the glans and the circumcision scar, which results in dissimilar tissue healing together. In adult circumcision part of the [[frenulum]] may remain intact. The foreskin remnant is dried mucosa and can often have a different color and texture than the rest of the penile skin. It can be pinkish or light-colored, and it typically becomes covered with keratin to protect it from a dry environment. Some circumcision scars result in a marked color difference on the shaft.
The characteristics of the circumcision scar often depend on the technique that was used. Open surgical techniques using sutures may cause uneven scarring where the sutures were placed. Newborn circumcisions do not require sutures and therefore may result in a fine, even scar, but may also result in adhesions and [http://www.circumstitions.com/Restric/Botched1sb.html skin bridges].<ref name="gracely-kilgore1984">{{REFjournal
|last=Gracely-Kilgore
|first=Katherine A
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Penile adhesion: the hidden complication of circumcision
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Nurse Pract
|date=1984
|volume=9
|issue=5
|pages=22-4
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/gracely1/
|quote=
|pubmedID=6728346
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|accessdate=2019-10-19
}}</ref> <ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Ponsky
|first=L.E.
|author-link=
|last2=Ross
|first2=J.H.
|author2-link=
|last3=Knipper
|first3=N.
|author3-link=
|last4=Kay
|first4=R.
|author4-link=
|etal=no
|title=Penile adhesions after neonatal circumcision
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Urol
|date=2000
|volume=
|issue=
|pages=
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/ponsky2/
|quote=
|pubmedID=10893633
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|accessdate=2019-10-19
}}</ref> Circumcisions after the newborn period that are performed without sutures (techniques that use cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive instead of sutures and techniques like [[Plastibell]] that heal by secondary intention) often result in an even, circumferential scar.
Non-surgical [[foreskin restoration]] will eventually result in the scar being concealed within the foreskin.
==Problems with the scar==
<!--There is some controversy as to what happens to the severed nerves of the foreskin at the scar. Xin ''et al''. (1997) suggest that nerves regenerate, forming new receptors.<ref name="Xin1997">{{REFjournal
|last=Xin
|first=Z.C.
|author-link=
|last2=Choi
|first2=Y.D.
|author2-link=
|last3=Rha
|first3=K.H.
|author3-link=
|last4=Choi
|first4=H.K.
|author4-link=
|etal=no
|title=Somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with primary premature ejaculation
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Urol
|date=1997
|volume=158
|issue=2
|pages=451-7
|url=
|quote=
|pubmedID=9224321
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1016/S0022-5347(01)64499-9|
|accessdate=2019-10-18
}}</ref>-->Pathologists Cold & Taylor (1999) report: "Histology of the male circumcision scar shows amputation neuromas, Schwann cell proliferation and the bulbous collection of variably sized neurites. Amputation neuromas do not mediate normal sensation and are notorious for generating pain."<ref name="cold-taylor1999">{{REFjournal
|last=Cold
|first=C.J.
|author-link=
|last2=Taylor
|first2=J.R.
|title=The prepuce
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=BJU Int
|date=1999-01-01
|volume=83 Suppl 1
|issue=
|pages=34-44
|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1034.x
|quote=
|pubmedID=1034941
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1034.x
|accessdate=2019-10-10
}}</ref> Several reports of cancer forming on the circumcision scar have been published.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Bissada
|first=N.K.
|author-link=
|last2=Morcos
|first2=R.R.
|author2-link=
|last3=el-Senoussi
|first3=M.
|author3-link=
|etal=no
|title=Post-circumcision carcinoma of the penis. I. Clinical aspects.
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Urol
|date=1986-02
|volume=35
|issue=2
|pages=282-5
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/cancer/bissada1/
|quote=
|pubmedID=3944860
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1016/s0022-5347(17)45614-x
|accessdate=2019-10-18
}}</ref> <ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Fetsch
|first=J.
|author-link=
|last2=Davis
|first2=C.J.
|author2-link=
|last3=Miettinen
|first3=M.
|author3-link=
|last4=Sesterhenn
|first4=I.A.
|author4-link=
|etal=no
|title=Leiomyosarcoma of the penis: a clinicopathologic study of 14 cases with review of the literature and discussion of the differential diagnosis
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=
|date=2004-01
|volume=28
|issue=1
|pages=115-25
|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1234754
|quote=
|pubmedID=14707873
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1097/00000478-200401000-00014
|accessdate=2019-10-19
}}</ref>
== Additional images ==
<gallery>
File:Circumcisedtwice.jpg|Two toned circumcision scar on an erect penis
File:Justin Roger Hayes - Gomco clamp scar.jpg|Distinctive brown ring scar resulting from neonatal circumcision using the [[Gomco|Gomco clamp]] method
File:Circumcision Scar.jpg|Errors in circumcision may cause uneven scarring
File:Adult circumcision before and after (2).jpg|Before and after
File:Circumcised human penis.jpg|Excised frenulum on a circumcised penis
File:Frenulum remnant of a 34 year old male.jpg|alt=Frenulum remnant and scar from a Gomco clamp circumcision of a 34 year old male|Frenulum remnant and scar from a Gomco clamp circumcision of a 34 year old male
</gallery>
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Circumcision scar removal]]
{{REF}}
[[Kategorie:Beschneidung]]
[[Kategorie:Genital cutting]]
[[Kategorie:Genital surgery]]
[[Kategorie:Männliche Beschneidung]]
[[en:Circumcision scar]]