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{{NYT en}}
One of the risks of [[circumcision]] in either sex, at any age, is '''death'''. It is difficult to obtain accurate estimates of the deaths caused by circumcision because hospitals are not required to release this data, doctors often purposefully attribute the death to a secondary cause, such as "hemorrhaging," or "septic shock," and oftentimes, parents who are complicit agree to keep silent about the surrounding of their child's death.
Holt (1913) reported deaths of boys from tuberculosis transmitted by tubercular ''mohelim''. during ritual non-therapeutic circumcision.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Holt
|first=LE
|author-link=
|title=Tuberculosis acquired through ritual circumcision
|journal=JAMA
|date=1913-07-12
|volume=LXI
|issue=
|pages=99-102
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/holt1/
|accessdate=2020-02-02
}}</ref> Today tuberculosis is no longer the problem it was in 1913, but now, evidence that shows mohels are spreading the [[herpes]] virus to children via the practice of [[metzitzah b'peh]],<ref>{{REFnews
|title=Baby Dies of Herpes in Ritual Circumcision By Orthodox Jews
|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/baby-dies-herpes-virus-ritual-circumcision-nyc-orthodox/story?id=15888618
|last=James
|first=Susan
|coauthors=
|publisher=ABC News
|website=abcnewsgo.com
|date=2012-03-09
|accessdate=2020-02-02
|quote=
}}</ref> or direct oral suction of the wounded child's penis, has been mounting recently, but parents who are asked about details surrounding their children's deaths, who performed their child's circumcisions, whether or not metzitzah b'peh was performed, etc., are often not forthcoming to protect the reputation of the ritual circumcisers in their community.
Parents of children who were circumcised in the secular setting of the hospital may also agree to repeat whatever their doctor told them to protect both the reputation of the doctor involved, and to keep their conscience free of the fact that they gave their consent to the procedure.
==Case reports==
Circumcision caused death is usually hushed-up and attributed to some other cause, however a few cases have been reported in the medical literature. The few cases reported are only the visible tip of the iceberg. Most cases are not reported.
* {{REFjournal
|last=Hiss
|first=J
|author-link=
|last2=Horowitz
|first2=A
|author2-link=
|last3=Kahana
|first3=T
|etal=no
|title=Fatal haemorrhage following male ritual circumcision
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Clin Forensic Med
|location=
|date=2000-03
|volume=7
|issue=1
|pages=32-4
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/death/hiss1/
|quote=
|pubmedID=15274991
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1054/jcfm.1999.0340
|accessdate=2020-02-03
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=http://www.circumstitions.com/death-exsang.html
|title=Judgement of Inquiry into the Death of Ryleigh Roman Bryan McWillis
|trans-title=
|language=
|last=Newell
|first=Chico
|author-link=
|publisher=Office of the Chief Coroner of British Columbia
|website=Circumstitions
|date=2004-01-19
|accessdate=2020-02-03
|format=
|quote=
}}
* {{REFjournal
|last=Coroner
|first=Chief
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Circumcision: a minor procedure?
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Paediatr Child Health
|location=
|date=2007-04
|volume=12
|issue=4
|pages=311-2
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2528673/
|quote=
|pubmedID=19030377
|pubmedCID=2528673
|DOI=
|accessdate=2020-02-03
}}
== Estimations of death due to male infant circumcision ==
Gellis (1978) estimated that there are more deaths each year from non-therapeutic circumcision of children than from cancer of the penis.<ref name="gellis1978">{{REFjournal
|last=Cellis
|first=Sidney S.
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Circumcision
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Am J Dis Child
|location=
|date=1978-12
|volume=132
|issue=
|pages=1168
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/general/gellis1/
|quote=
|pubmedID=717329
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1001/archpedi.1978.02120370016003
|accessdate=2020-02-02
}}</ref> Baker (1979) estimated 229 deaths per year in the United States caused by non-therapeutic male infant circumcision.<ref name="baker1979">{{REFjournal
|last=Baker
|first=Robert Leon
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Newborn male circumcision: needless and dangerous
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Sexual Medicine Today
|location=
|date=1979-11
|volume=3
|issue=11
|pages=135-6
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/general/baker1/
|quote=
|pubmedID=
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|accessdate=2020-02-02
}}</ref>
A study in 2010 estimated approximately 117 neonatal circumcision-related deaths occur annually in the United States, about one out of every 77 male neonatal deaths, more than suffocation, auto accidents, or even SIDS.<ref name="bollinger2010">{{REFjournal
|last=Bollinger
|first=Dan
|author-link=Dan Bollinger
|last2=Boy's Health Advisory
|title=Lost Boys: An Estimate of U.S. Circumcision-Related Infant Deaths
|journal=Thymos: Journal of Boyhood Studies
|volume=4
|issue=1
|pages=78-90
|url=http://www.mensstudies.com/content/b64n267w47m333x0/?p=7ebbd6b446d940cbbd4274c095754b12π=5
|quote=
|pubmedID=
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.3149/thy.0401.78
|date=2010-04-26
|accessdate=2020-02-02
}}</ref><ref>{{REFweb
|quote=
|url=http://www.icgi.org/2010/04/infant-circumcision-causes-100-deaths-each-year-in-us
|title=Infant circumcision causes 100 deaths each year in US
|last=ICGI
|first=
|publisher=
|website=International Coalition for Genital Integrity
|date=2010-04-26
|accessdate=2020-02-02
}}</ref>
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Todesopfer]]
* [[Alexandre Rotta]]
{{LINKS}}
* {{REFweb
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/death/ Circumcision Deaths
|title=Circumcision Deaths
|trans-title=
|language=
|last=
|first=
|author-link=
|publisher=Circumcision Reference Library
|website=CIRP
|date=2013-08-16
|accessdate=
|format=
|quote=
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://circinfo.org/USA_deaths.html
|title=Circumcision Deaths in USA
|trans-title=
|language=
|last=
|first=
|author-link=
|publisher=
|website=circinfo.org
|date=
|accessdate=2020-02-03
|format=
|quote=
}}
{{REF}}
[[Kategorie:Risiken und Komplikationen]]
[[Kategorie:Von Intactipedia]]
[[Kategorie:Von IntactWiki]]
[[en:Death]]
One of the risks of [[circumcision]] in either sex, at any age, is '''death'''. It is difficult to obtain accurate estimates of the deaths caused by circumcision because hospitals are not required to release this data, doctors often purposefully attribute the death to a secondary cause, such as "hemorrhaging," or "septic shock," and oftentimes, parents who are complicit agree to keep silent about the surrounding of their child's death.
Holt (1913) reported deaths of boys from tuberculosis transmitted by tubercular ''mohelim''. during ritual non-therapeutic circumcision.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Holt
|first=LE
|author-link=
|title=Tuberculosis acquired through ritual circumcision
|journal=JAMA
|date=1913-07-12
|volume=LXI
|issue=
|pages=99-102
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/holt1/
|accessdate=2020-02-02
}}</ref> Today tuberculosis is no longer the problem it was in 1913, but now, evidence that shows mohels are spreading the [[herpes]] virus to children via the practice of [[metzitzah b'peh]],<ref>{{REFnews
|title=Baby Dies of Herpes in Ritual Circumcision By Orthodox Jews
|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/baby-dies-herpes-virus-ritual-circumcision-nyc-orthodox/story?id=15888618
|last=James
|first=Susan
|coauthors=
|publisher=ABC News
|website=abcnewsgo.com
|date=2012-03-09
|accessdate=2020-02-02
|quote=
}}</ref> or direct oral suction of the wounded child's penis, has been mounting recently, but parents who are asked about details surrounding their children's deaths, who performed their child's circumcisions, whether or not metzitzah b'peh was performed, etc., are often not forthcoming to protect the reputation of the ritual circumcisers in their community.
Parents of children who were circumcised in the secular setting of the hospital may also agree to repeat whatever their doctor told them to protect both the reputation of the doctor involved, and to keep their conscience free of the fact that they gave their consent to the procedure.
==Case reports==
Circumcision caused death is usually hushed-up and attributed to some other cause, however a few cases have been reported in the medical literature. The few cases reported are only the visible tip of the iceberg. Most cases are not reported.
* {{REFjournal
|last=Hiss
|first=J
|author-link=
|last2=Horowitz
|first2=A
|author2-link=
|last3=Kahana
|first3=T
|etal=no
|title=Fatal haemorrhage following male ritual circumcision
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Clin Forensic Med
|location=
|date=2000-03
|volume=7
|issue=1
|pages=32-4
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/death/hiss1/
|quote=
|pubmedID=15274991
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1054/jcfm.1999.0340
|accessdate=2020-02-03
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=http://www.circumstitions.com/death-exsang.html
|title=Judgement of Inquiry into the Death of Ryleigh Roman Bryan McWillis
|trans-title=
|language=
|last=Newell
|first=Chico
|author-link=
|publisher=Office of the Chief Coroner of British Columbia
|website=Circumstitions
|date=2004-01-19
|accessdate=2020-02-03
|format=
|quote=
}}
* {{REFjournal
|last=Coroner
|first=Chief
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Circumcision: a minor procedure?
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Paediatr Child Health
|location=
|date=2007-04
|volume=12
|issue=4
|pages=311-2
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2528673/
|quote=
|pubmedID=19030377
|pubmedCID=2528673
|DOI=
|accessdate=2020-02-03
}}
== Estimations of death due to male infant circumcision ==
Gellis (1978) estimated that there are more deaths each year from non-therapeutic circumcision of children than from cancer of the penis.<ref name="gellis1978">{{REFjournal
|last=Cellis
|first=Sidney S.
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Circumcision
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Am J Dis Child
|location=
|date=1978-12
|volume=132
|issue=
|pages=1168
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/general/gellis1/
|quote=
|pubmedID=717329
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1001/archpedi.1978.02120370016003
|accessdate=2020-02-02
}}</ref> Baker (1979) estimated 229 deaths per year in the United States caused by non-therapeutic male infant circumcision.<ref name="baker1979">{{REFjournal
|last=Baker
|first=Robert Leon
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Newborn male circumcision: needless and dangerous
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Sexual Medicine Today
|location=
|date=1979-11
|volume=3
|issue=11
|pages=135-6
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/general/baker1/
|quote=
|pubmedID=
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|accessdate=2020-02-02
}}</ref>
A study in 2010 estimated approximately 117 neonatal circumcision-related deaths occur annually in the United States, about one out of every 77 male neonatal deaths, more than suffocation, auto accidents, or even SIDS.<ref name="bollinger2010">{{REFjournal
|last=Bollinger
|first=Dan
|author-link=Dan Bollinger
|last2=Boy's Health Advisory
|title=Lost Boys: An Estimate of U.S. Circumcision-Related Infant Deaths
|journal=Thymos: Journal of Boyhood Studies
|volume=4
|issue=1
|pages=78-90
|url=http://www.mensstudies.com/content/b64n267w47m333x0/?p=7ebbd6b446d940cbbd4274c095754b12π=5
|quote=
|pubmedID=
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.3149/thy.0401.78
|date=2010-04-26
|accessdate=2020-02-02
}}</ref><ref>{{REFweb
|quote=
|url=http://www.icgi.org/2010/04/infant-circumcision-causes-100-deaths-each-year-in-us
|title=Infant circumcision causes 100 deaths each year in US
|last=ICGI
|first=
|publisher=
|website=International Coalition for Genital Integrity
|date=2010-04-26
|accessdate=2020-02-02
}}</ref>
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Todesopfer]]
* [[Alexandre Rotta]]
{{LINKS}}
* {{REFweb
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/death/ Circumcision Deaths
|title=Circumcision Deaths
|trans-title=
|language=
|last=
|first=
|author-link=
|publisher=Circumcision Reference Library
|website=CIRP
|date=2013-08-16
|accessdate=
|format=
|quote=
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://circinfo.org/USA_deaths.html
|title=Circumcision Deaths in USA
|trans-title=
|language=
|last=
|first=
|author-link=
|publisher=
|website=circinfo.org
|date=
|accessdate=2020-02-03
|format=
|quote=
}}
{{REF}}
[[Kategorie:Risiken und Komplikationen]]
[[Kategorie:Von Intactipedia]]
[[Kategorie:Von IntactWiki]]
[[en:Death]]