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created from English and partly translated
{{NYT en}}
'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' started to become available in the late 1990s. [[Intactivists]] realized that accurate unbiased information about [[circumcision]], the [[foreskin]], and other matters could be presented directly to the public without being filtered through editorial [[bias]], so they quickly moved to take advantage of this new channel of communication.
== Geschichte ==
[[Geoffrey T. Falk]], when still a graduate student (1996), used his technical knowledge to create the Circumcision Information and Resource Pages ([[CIRP]]), while [[Marilyn Fayre Milos]], {{RN}}, created a website for the National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers ([[NOCIRC]]). [[George C. Denniston]], {{MD}}, {{MPH}}, created a website for [[Doctors Opposing Circumcision]] (DOC).
[[Intactivists]], both in the United States and other nations, have since created additional websites, so there now is a profusion of readily available information regarding male circumcision.
==Australien ==
===Australasian Institute for Genital Autonomy===
The Australasian Institute for Genital Autonomy (AIGA) was founded by the late [[Paul Mason]] to apply principles of human rights to the practice of child genital cutting in Australasia, so as to advance the Genital Autonomy in Australasia. The AIGA provides information for parents.
* [https://aiga.org.au/ Australasian Institute for Genital Autonomy]
===Circumcision Information Australia===
[[Circumcision Info Australia| Circumcision Information Australia]], created by Dr [[George L. Williams]], M. B., a NSW paediatrician, and Shane Peterson, {{PhD}}, maintains an extensive website with extensive information on every aspect of non-therapeutic child circumcision for parents in [[Australia]] and elsewhere.
* [http://www.circinfo.org/ Circumcision Information Australia]
===Intact Australia===
[[Alicia Bennetts]] created [[Intact Australia]] in 2012 to provide information to parents in [[Australia]].
== Deutschland ==
The German word for circumcision is ''Beschneidung''. The word for foreskin is ''Vorhaut''. Germans are strongly opposed to non-therapeutic circumcision of children.
===beschneidungsforum.de===
[[beschneidungsforum.de]] provides information about circumcision in Germany.
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.beschneidungsforum.de/index.php
|title=Beschneidungsforum.de
|last=
|first=
|accessdate=2020-07-08
}}
===Facharbeitskreis Beschneidungsbetroffener===
[[Facharbeitskreis Beschneidungsbetroffener]] opposes non-therapeutic circumcision of children.
* [http://die-betroffenen.de/ MOGIS e. v.]
===Forum Männer===
[[Forum Männer]] opposes non-therapeutic circumcision of children.
* [https://forummaenner1.wordpress.com/ Forum Männer]
===GanzKindSein===
[[GanzKindSein]] is an initiative of [[intactivist]] [[Funda Celik]], to provide information to parents.
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.ganzkindsein.com/
|title=GanzKindSein
|last=Celik
|first=Funda
|date=2019
|accessdate=2020-09-08
}}
===Initiative gegen Gewalt und sexuellen Missbrauch an Kindern und Jugendlichen===
[[Initiative gegen Gewalt und sexuellen Missbrauch an Kindern und Jugendlichen]] seeks to prevent sexual and physical violence against children and youth.
* {{URLwebsite|http://www.initiative-gegen-gewalt.de/htmls/frame01.htm/|2020-09-08}}
===MOGiS e.V.===
[[MOGiS e.V.]] works to protect children from sexual abuse and other issues in Germany.
* [https://mogis.info/ MOGiS e.V. Startseite ]
== Frankreich ==
===Géraldine Claise===
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.geraldineclaise.fr/2020/06/27/circoncision-2/
|title=Circoncision
|last=Claise
|first=Géraldine
|accessdate=2020-09-06
}}
== Kanada ==
===Children's Health & Human Rights Partnership===
[[Kira Antinuk]] is the Executive Director of the [[Children’s Health & Human Rights Partnership]] (CHHRP), where Dr. [[Christopher Guest]] is the medical director. CHHRP provides extensive information regarding [[circumcision]] in [[Canada]].
* [http://chhrp.org/ Children's Health & Human Rights Partnership]
===Circumcision Information and Resource Pages===
The [[CIRP| Circumcision Information and Resource Pages]] were created by [[Geoffrey T. Falk]] in 1996. There are two parts. The first part provides information for parents while the second part, which is called the Circumcision Reference Library, contains medical, legal, ethical, and human rights material. Many other websites have linked to the important documents in the Library. The website is now in repose and has not been updated since 2013. So the most recent material is not available there. Falk has assigned control of the website to the [[Children's Health and Human Rights Partnership]].
* [http://www.cirp.org Circumcision Information and Resource Pages]
== Mexiko ==
===Centro Nacional de Excelencia Tecnológica en Salud===
* {{REFweb
|url=http://www.circumstitions.com/Docs/mexico-sp.pdf
|title=Circuncisión
|last=
|first=
|accessdate=2020-06-20
}}
== Neuseeland ==
===Circumstitions===
[[Hugh Young]] operates the [[Circumstitions - The Intactivism Pages]] in [[New Zealand]].
* [http://www.circumstitions.com/ The Intactivism Pages]
== Großbritannien ==
===15Squarə===
15Square offers information in the United Kingdom.
* [https://15square.org.uk/ 15Square]
== USA ==
The United States has the highest incidence of medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic child circumcision, so it has the most intensive efforts to reform the practice.
===Catholics Against Circumcision===
[[Catholics Against Circumcision]] was founded by Mrs. [[Petrina Fadel]] to provide the Roman Catholic teaching regarding non-therapeutic circumcision of boys to Catholic parents and others.
* [http://www.catholicsagainstcircumcision.org/ Catholics Against Circumcision]
===Circumcision Resource Center===
The [[Circumcision Resource Center]] was founded in 1991 by [[Ronald Goldman]], {{PhD}}. The website of the Circumcision Resource Center provides information to parents with some emphasis on psychological issues.
* [https://circumcision.org Circumcision Resource Center]
===Doctors Opposing Circumcision===
{{UNI|University of Washington|UW}} [https://medicine.uw.edu/ School of Medicine] Professor [[George C. Denniston]], {{MD}}, {{MPH}}, founded [[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] in 1995. DOC published a very comprehensive 12-chapter, 64-page ''Genital Integrity Policy'' on its website in 2008. That policy statement remained on the DOC website until 2016. At that time DOC redesigned and updated its website. The Genital Integrity Policy was relocated to the Research Hub website where it resides today. It continues to be of interest to parents who are concerned about a son's genital integrity.
* {{REFdocument
|title=Genital Integrity Policy Statement
|url=https://www.i2researchhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/GenitalIntegrityStatement.pdf
|contribution=Medical Ethics and the Circumcision of Children
|publisher=Doctors Opposing Circumcision
|format=PDF
|date=2008-06
|accessdate=2020-08-31
}}
The new DOC website provides significant information to concerned parents in the Parents section:
* Reasons to keep your son whole.
* Care of the intact penis.
* Frequently asked questions.
* Wrongful foreskin retraction.
* Find a foreskin-friendly doctor.
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-parents/
|title=Information for parents
|last=
|first=
|date=2016
|accessdate=2020-08-21
}}
===Genital Autonomy America===
[[Genital Autonomy America]] is the new name of the former National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers (NOCIRC), starting in January 2016.
It has a new website with a resource page with links to sources of information of interest to parents.
* {{REFweb
|url=http://www.gaamerica.org/resources/
|title=Resources
|last=
|first=
|date=2016-01
|accessdate=2020-08-31
}}
===Intact America===
[[Intact America]] was founded by [[Georganne Chapin]], M. Phil., J. D., at Tarrytown, New York to providing information to parents to help them resist the pressure tactics of the circumcision industry. Intact America's website provides an abundance of information of interest to parents:
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/
|title=Intact America
|last=
|first=
|accessdate=2020-08-31
}}
Moreover, Intact America operates a companion website, called ''The Circumcision Debate'', that provides additional information to parents:
* {{REFweb
|url=http://circumcisiondebate.org/
|title=The Circumcision Debate
|last=
|first=
|accessdate=2020-08-31
}}
===Jewish Circumcision Resource Center===
The Jewish Circumcision Resource Center was created by [[Ronald Goldman]] to address the needs and concerns of Jewish parents regarding non-therapeutic male circumcision.
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.jewishcircumcision.org/
|title=Jewish Circumcision Resource Center
|last=
|first=
|accessdate=2020-09-06
}}
===Mothers Against Circumcision===
[[Mothers Against Circumcision]] was founded by Mary G. Ray in 1997 to provide circumcision information to parents. The website is large and has many resources and links to information on many facets of infant non-therapeutic circumcision.
* [http://www.mothersagainstcirc.org/ Mothers Against Circumcision]
===National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers===
[[Marilyn Fayre Milos]], {{RN}}, organized the National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers (NOCIRC) in 1985, before the Internet was available. Information was placed in a series of leaflets that were mailed to people who requested information. Those leaflets were printed on two sides of a single sheet of letter-size paper in landscape mode. Those leaflets are available today in downloadable PDF files from which leaflets can be created by printing the two pages on opposite sides of one sheet of paper and folded into thirds to create six panels.
The text is also available in HTML files that may be viewed on the website.
* [http://www.nocirc.org/publish/ NOCIRC Publications]
Newsletters from 1991 forward through 2016 are also available.
NOCIRC's name was changed to [[Genital Autonomy America]] in 2016, but the old website remains available with information that remains accurate, useful, and helpful.
===National Organization to Halt the Abuse and Routine Mutilation of Males===
The website of the National Organization to Halt the Abuse and Routine Mutilation of Males (NOHARMM) was created by [[Tim Hammond]] in 1992.
* [http://www.noharmm.org/ NOHARMM]
===Peaceful Parenting===
[[Dr. Momma - peaceful parenting| Peaceful Parenting]] provides excellent information on the care of babies and young children. It includes excellent information regarding non-therapeutic male circumcision and the care of the intact penis.
* {{REFweb
|url=http://www.drmomma.org/
|title=Peaceful Parenting
|last=
|first=
|accessdate=2020-09-06
}}
===Saving Our Sons===
[[Saving Our Sons (SoS)| Saving Our Sons]] operates a large website with an abundance of information for parents regarding non-therapeutic circumcision of boys.
* {{REFweb
|url=http://www.savingsons.org/
|title=Saving Our Sons
|last=
|first=
|accessdate=2020-09-06
}}
===Your Whole Baby===
[[Your Whole Baby]], founded by [[Jen Williams]] in December 2014, provides a great variety of excellent information for parents regarding child circumcision.
* {{REFweb
|url=http://www.yourwholebaby.org
|archived=
|title=Your Whole Baby
|last=Williams
|first=Jen
|author-link=
|publisher=
|website=Your Whole Baby
|date=2014-12
|accessdate=2020-08-31
|format=
|quote=
}}
{{ABBR}}
{{REF}}
[[Kategorie:Informationen für Eltern]]
[[en:Internet parental circumcision information]]
'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' started to become available in the late 1990s. [[Intactivists]] realized that accurate unbiased information about [[circumcision]], the [[foreskin]], and other matters could be presented directly to the public without being filtered through editorial [[bias]], so they quickly moved to take advantage of this new channel of communication.
== Geschichte ==
[[Geoffrey T. Falk]], when still a graduate student (1996), used his technical knowledge to create the Circumcision Information and Resource Pages ([[CIRP]]), while [[Marilyn Fayre Milos]], {{RN}}, created a website for the National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers ([[NOCIRC]]). [[George C. Denniston]], {{MD}}, {{MPH}}, created a website for [[Doctors Opposing Circumcision]] (DOC).
[[Intactivists]], both in the United States and other nations, have since created additional websites, so there now is a profusion of readily available information regarding male circumcision.
==Australien ==
===Australasian Institute for Genital Autonomy===
The Australasian Institute for Genital Autonomy (AIGA) was founded by the late [[Paul Mason]] to apply principles of human rights to the practice of child genital cutting in Australasia, so as to advance the Genital Autonomy in Australasia. The AIGA provides information for parents.
* [https://aiga.org.au/ Australasian Institute for Genital Autonomy]
===Circumcision Information Australia===
[[Circumcision Info Australia| Circumcision Information Australia]], created by Dr [[George L. Williams]], M. B., a NSW paediatrician, and Shane Peterson, {{PhD}}, maintains an extensive website with extensive information on every aspect of non-therapeutic child circumcision for parents in [[Australia]] and elsewhere.
* [http://www.circinfo.org/ Circumcision Information Australia]
===Intact Australia===
[[Alicia Bennetts]] created [[Intact Australia]] in 2012 to provide information to parents in [[Australia]].
== Deutschland ==
The German word for circumcision is ''Beschneidung''. The word for foreskin is ''Vorhaut''. Germans are strongly opposed to non-therapeutic circumcision of children.
===beschneidungsforum.de===
[[beschneidungsforum.de]] provides information about circumcision in Germany.
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.beschneidungsforum.de/index.php
|title=Beschneidungsforum.de
|last=
|first=
|accessdate=2020-07-08
}}
===Facharbeitskreis Beschneidungsbetroffener===
[[Facharbeitskreis Beschneidungsbetroffener]] opposes non-therapeutic circumcision of children.
* [http://die-betroffenen.de/ MOGIS e. v.]
===Forum Männer===
[[Forum Männer]] opposes non-therapeutic circumcision of children.
* [https://forummaenner1.wordpress.com/ Forum Männer]
===GanzKindSein===
[[GanzKindSein]] is an initiative of [[intactivist]] [[Funda Celik]], to provide information to parents.
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.ganzkindsein.com/
|title=GanzKindSein
|last=Celik
|first=Funda
|date=2019
|accessdate=2020-09-08
}}
===Initiative gegen Gewalt und sexuellen Missbrauch an Kindern und Jugendlichen===
[[Initiative gegen Gewalt und sexuellen Missbrauch an Kindern und Jugendlichen]] seeks to prevent sexual and physical violence against children and youth.
* {{URLwebsite|http://www.initiative-gegen-gewalt.de/htmls/frame01.htm/|2020-09-08}}
===MOGiS e.V.===
[[MOGiS e.V.]] works to protect children from sexual abuse and other issues in Germany.
* [https://mogis.info/ MOGiS e.V. Startseite ]
== Frankreich ==
===Géraldine Claise===
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.geraldineclaise.fr/2020/06/27/circoncision-2/
|title=Circoncision
|last=Claise
|first=Géraldine
|accessdate=2020-09-06
}}
== Kanada ==
===Children's Health & Human Rights Partnership===
[[Kira Antinuk]] is the Executive Director of the [[Children’s Health & Human Rights Partnership]] (CHHRP), where Dr. [[Christopher Guest]] is the medical director. CHHRP provides extensive information regarding [[circumcision]] in [[Canada]].
* [http://chhrp.org/ Children's Health & Human Rights Partnership]
===Circumcision Information and Resource Pages===
The [[CIRP| Circumcision Information and Resource Pages]] were created by [[Geoffrey T. Falk]] in 1996. There are two parts. The first part provides information for parents while the second part, which is called the Circumcision Reference Library, contains medical, legal, ethical, and human rights material. Many other websites have linked to the important documents in the Library. The website is now in repose and has not been updated since 2013. So the most recent material is not available there. Falk has assigned control of the website to the [[Children's Health and Human Rights Partnership]].
* [http://www.cirp.org Circumcision Information and Resource Pages]
== Mexiko ==
===Centro Nacional de Excelencia Tecnológica en Salud===
* {{REFweb
|url=http://www.circumstitions.com/Docs/mexico-sp.pdf
|title=Circuncisión
|last=
|first=
|accessdate=2020-06-20
}}
== Neuseeland ==
===Circumstitions===
[[Hugh Young]] operates the [[Circumstitions - The Intactivism Pages]] in [[New Zealand]].
* [http://www.circumstitions.com/ The Intactivism Pages]
== Großbritannien ==
===15Squarə===
15Square offers information in the United Kingdom.
* [https://15square.org.uk/ 15Square]
== USA ==
The United States has the highest incidence of medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic child circumcision, so it has the most intensive efforts to reform the practice.
===Catholics Against Circumcision===
[[Catholics Against Circumcision]] was founded by Mrs. [[Petrina Fadel]] to provide the Roman Catholic teaching regarding non-therapeutic circumcision of boys to Catholic parents and others.
* [http://www.catholicsagainstcircumcision.org/ Catholics Against Circumcision]
===Circumcision Resource Center===
The [[Circumcision Resource Center]] was founded in 1991 by [[Ronald Goldman]], {{PhD}}. The website of the Circumcision Resource Center provides information to parents with some emphasis on psychological issues.
* [https://circumcision.org Circumcision Resource Center]
===Doctors Opposing Circumcision===
{{UNI|University of Washington|UW}} [https://medicine.uw.edu/ School of Medicine] Professor [[George C. Denniston]], {{MD}}, {{MPH}}, founded [[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] in 1995. DOC published a very comprehensive 12-chapter, 64-page ''Genital Integrity Policy'' on its website in 2008. That policy statement remained on the DOC website until 2016. At that time DOC redesigned and updated its website. The Genital Integrity Policy was relocated to the Research Hub website where it resides today. It continues to be of interest to parents who are concerned about a son's genital integrity.
* {{REFdocument
|title=Genital Integrity Policy Statement
|url=https://www.i2researchhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/GenitalIntegrityStatement.pdf
|contribution=Medical Ethics and the Circumcision of Children
|publisher=Doctors Opposing Circumcision
|format=PDF
|date=2008-06
|accessdate=2020-08-31
}}
The new DOC website provides significant information to concerned parents in the Parents section:
* Reasons to keep your son whole.
* Care of the intact penis.
* Frequently asked questions.
* Wrongful foreskin retraction.
* Find a foreskin-friendly doctor.
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-parents/
|title=Information for parents
|last=
|first=
|date=2016
|accessdate=2020-08-21
}}
===Genital Autonomy America===
[[Genital Autonomy America]] is the new name of the former National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers (NOCIRC), starting in January 2016.
It has a new website with a resource page with links to sources of information of interest to parents.
* {{REFweb
|url=http://www.gaamerica.org/resources/
|title=Resources
|last=
|first=
|date=2016-01
|accessdate=2020-08-31
}}
===Intact America===
[[Intact America]] was founded by [[Georganne Chapin]], M. Phil., J. D., at Tarrytown, New York to providing information to parents to help them resist the pressure tactics of the circumcision industry. Intact America's website provides an abundance of information of interest to parents:
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/
|title=Intact America
|last=
|first=
|accessdate=2020-08-31
}}
Moreover, Intact America operates a companion website, called ''The Circumcision Debate'', that provides additional information to parents:
* {{REFweb
|url=http://circumcisiondebate.org/
|title=The Circumcision Debate
|last=
|first=
|accessdate=2020-08-31
}}
===Jewish Circumcision Resource Center===
The Jewish Circumcision Resource Center was created by [[Ronald Goldman]] to address the needs and concerns of Jewish parents regarding non-therapeutic male circumcision.
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.jewishcircumcision.org/
|title=Jewish Circumcision Resource Center
|last=
|first=
|accessdate=2020-09-06
}}
===Mothers Against Circumcision===
[[Mothers Against Circumcision]] was founded by Mary G. Ray in 1997 to provide circumcision information to parents. The website is large and has many resources and links to information on many facets of infant non-therapeutic circumcision.
* [http://www.mothersagainstcirc.org/ Mothers Against Circumcision]
===National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers===
[[Marilyn Fayre Milos]], {{RN}}, organized the National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers (NOCIRC) in 1985, before the Internet was available. Information was placed in a series of leaflets that were mailed to people who requested information. Those leaflets were printed on two sides of a single sheet of letter-size paper in landscape mode. Those leaflets are available today in downloadable PDF files from which leaflets can be created by printing the two pages on opposite sides of one sheet of paper and folded into thirds to create six panels.
The text is also available in HTML files that may be viewed on the website.
* [http://www.nocirc.org/publish/ NOCIRC Publications]
Newsletters from 1991 forward through 2016 are also available.
NOCIRC's name was changed to [[Genital Autonomy America]] in 2016, but the old website remains available with information that remains accurate, useful, and helpful.
===National Organization to Halt the Abuse and Routine Mutilation of Males===
The website of the National Organization to Halt the Abuse and Routine Mutilation of Males (NOHARMM) was created by [[Tim Hammond]] in 1992.
* [http://www.noharmm.org/ NOHARMM]
===Peaceful Parenting===
[[Dr. Momma - peaceful parenting| Peaceful Parenting]] provides excellent information on the care of babies and young children. It includes excellent information regarding non-therapeutic male circumcision and the care of the intact penis.
* {{REFweb
|url=http://www.drmomma.org/
|title=Peaceful Parenting
|last=
|first=
|accessdate=2020-09-06
}}
===Saving Our Sons===
[[Saving Our Sons (SoS)| Saving Our Sons]] operates a large website with an abundance of information for parents regarding non-therapeutic circumcision of boys.
* {{REFweb
|url=http://www.savingsons.org/
|title=Saving Our Sons
|last=
|first=
|accessdate=2020-09-06
}}
===Your Whole Baby===
[[Your Whole Baby]], founded by [[Jen Williams]] in December 2014, provides a great variety of excellent information for parents regarding child circumcision.
* {{REFweb
|url=http://www.yourwholebaby.org
|archived=
|title=Your Whole Baby
|last=Williams
|first=Jen
|author-link=
|publisher=
|website=Your Whole Baby
|date=2014-12
|accessdate=2020-08-31
|format=
|quote=
}}
{{ABBR}}
{{REF}}
[[Kategorie:Informationen für Eltern]]
[[en:Internet parental circumcision information]]