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created from English and partly translated
{{NYT en}}
'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is a term often referred to by parents in discussions about [[circumcision]]. Many parents (esp. in the [[USA]]) believe that their legal parental rights cover the right to circumcise their boys.
Basically, in most of the states that rely on universal [[Menschenrechte]] and the [[UN-Kinderrechtskonvention]], parents have extensive rights in the upbringing of their children. These rights are intended to protect against harmful influences from the state (indoctrination). Under no circumstances should these parental rights be understood as a free ticket to deal with the children as they wish. The well-being of the child is always in the foreground.
Therefore it is actually more correct to speak of '''parental duties''' and '''parental responsibility'''.
It should therefore go without saying that there can be no parental right to have healthy, intact body parts cut off from their child without medical necessity and urgency.
== Europa ==
In the United Kingdom and the nations of the European Union,<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.gov.uk/parental-rights-responsibilities/who-has-parental-responsibility
|title=Parental rights and responsibilities: Who has parental responsibility - GOV.UK
|website=gov.uk
|accessdate=2021-09-14
}}</ref> parental responsibility refers to the rights and privileges which underpin the relationship between the children and the children's parents and those adults who are granted parental responsibility by either signing a 'parental responsibility agreement' with the mother or getting a 'parental responsibility order' from a court. The terminology for this area of law now includes matters dealt with as contact (visitation in the United States) and residence (see Residence in English law) in some states.
=== Schottland ===
In Scots law, issues relative to parental responsibilities are dealt with under the Children (Scotland) Act 1995,<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1995/36/section/1
|title=Children (Scotland) Act 1995
|website=legislation.gov.uk
|accessdate=2021-09-14
}}</ref>
which provides for the making of 'residence' (custody), 'contact' (access), and 'specific issue' orders. These may be applied for by anyone with an interest in a child, not merely parents.[3] Under section 1 of the 1995 Act, parental responsibilities are, where practicable and in the best interests of the child, to safeguard and promote the child's health, development and welfare; provide the child with appropriate direction and guidance; maintain personal relations and direct contact with the child; act as the child's legal representative.
=== Großbritannien ===
According to the [[Children Act 1989]], Section 3, parental responsibility means "all the rights, duties, powers, responsibilities and authority which by law a parent of a child has in relation to the child and his property."<ref>{{REFweb
|title=Children Act 1989
|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1989/41/part/I
|website=legislation.gov.uk
|accessdate=2021-09-14
}}</ref>
== USA ==
In the United states, parental rights are not mentioned in the United States Constitution. There is in fact an amendment draft from 2008 which hasn't become valid yet.
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Arguments_pro_circumcision#Pseudo-parental_rights_arguments|Pseudo-parental rights arguments]]
{{LINKS}}
* {{URLwikipedia|Parental_rights|Parental rights|2021-09-14}}
* {{URLwikipedia|Parental_Rights_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution|Parental Rights Amendment to the United States Constitution|2021-09-14}}
{{REF}}
[[Kategorie:Gesetz]]
[[Kategorie:Informationen für Eltern]]
[[Kategorie:Begriff]]
[[en:Parental rights]]
'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is a term often referred to by parents in discussions about [[circumcision]]. Many parents (esp. in the [[USA]]) believe that their legal parental rights cover the right to circumcise their boys.
Basically, in most of the states that rely on universal [[Menschenrechte]] and the [[UN-Kinderrechtskonvention]], parents have extensive rights in the upbringing of their children. These rights are intended to protect against harmful influences from the state (indoctrination). Under no circumstances should these parental rights be understood as a free ticket to deal with the children as they wish. The well-being of the child is always in the foreground.
Therefore it is actually more correct to speak of '''parental duties''' and '''parental responsibility'''.
It should therefore go without saying that there can be no parental right to have healthy, intact body parts cut off from their child without medical necessity and urgency.
== Europa ==
In the United Kingdom and the nations of the European Union,<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.gov.uk/parental-rights-responsibilities/who-has-parental-responsibility
|title=Parental rights and responsibilities: Who has parental responsibility - GOV.UK
|website=gov.uk
|accessdate=2021-09-14
}}</ref> parental responsibility refers to the rights and privileges which underpin the relationship between the children and the children's parents and those adults who are granted parental responsibility by either signing a 'parental responsibility agreement' with the mother or getting a 'parental responsibility order' from a court. The terminology for this area of law now includes matters dealt with as contact (visitation in the United States) and residence (see Residence in English law) in some states.
=== Schottland ===
In Scots law, issues relative to parental responsibilities are dealt with under the Children (Scotland) Act 1995,<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1995/36/section/1
|title=Children (Scotland) Act 1995
|website=legislation.gov.uk
|accessdate=2021-09-14
}}</ref>
which provides for the making of 'residence' (custody), 'contact' (access), and 'specific issue' orders. These may be applied for by anyone with an interest in a child, not merely parents.[3] Under section 1 of the 1995 Act, parental responsibilities are, where practicable and in the best interests of the child, to safeguard and promote the child's health, development and welfare; provide the child with appropriate direction and guidance; maintain personal relations and direct contact with the child; act as the child's legal representative.
=== Großbritannien ===
According to the [[Children Act 1989]], Section 3, parental responsibility means "all the rights, duties, powers, responsibilities and authority which by law a parent of a child has in relation to the child and his property."<ref>{{REFweb
|title=Children Act 1989
|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1989/41/part/I
|website=legislation.gov.uk
|accessdate=2021-09-14
}}</ref>
== USA ==
In the United states, parental rights are not mentioned in the United States Constitution. There is in fact an amendment draft from 2008 which hasn't become valid yet.
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Arguments_pro_circumcision#Pseudo-parental_rights_arguments|Pseudo-parental rights arguments]]
{{LINKS}}
* {{URLwikipedia|Parental_rights|Parental rights|2021-09-14}}
* {{URLwikipedia|Parental_Rights_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution|Parental Rights Amendment to the United States Constitution|2021-09-14}}
{{REF}}
[[Kategorie:Gesetz]]
[[Kategorie:Informationen für Eltern]]
[[Kategorie:Begriff]]
[[en:Parental rights]]