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{{VonIntactWiki

|Titel=Intactivism

The [[intactivist]] movement (also known as [[genital autonomy]] or [[genital integrity]] movement) is a political movement dedicated to promote the genital integrity of all people, particularly minors. By “genital integrity,” [[Intactivist|intactivists]] mean the right to grow with intact genitals and to provide informed consent for any genital-altering procedure, with certain exceptions for cases of immediate medical need. Attached to genital integrity are the concepts of bodily autonomy, informed consent, self determination and the children's right to physical integrity. Intactivists oppose routine infant circumcision (RIC), gender reassignment surgeries for intersex babies, and female genital mutilation.<ref>{{REFweb

}}</ref>

During the late XIX century -in English speaking countries, the theory of irritation and reflex neurosis led to the development of many forms of genital mutilation.<ref>{{REFjournal

}}</ref>

Circumcision of the male, infibulation of the male foreskin, castration, clitoridectomy, circumcision proper of the female (removal or reduction of the clitoral hood), removal of the nymphae (labia minora), application of irritants to the genitals, enemas, hysterectomies. The purpose was to reduce excessive sexual desire and its manifestations, such as masturbation, which were suspected to be the cause of many diseases.

The late 19th century and early 20th century saw the first opponents of medical circumcision, such as Herbert Snow, Elizabeth Cromwell, first female MD<ref>{{REFbook

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and Ap Morgan Vance MD<ref>{{REFbook

}}</ref>. But by changing the rationale for the procedure, circumcision survived the transformation from the reflex neurosis theory to the germ theory. What started as circumcision of children, became newborn circumcision during and after the World Wars.

In the UK, an article by Douglas Gairdner led the NHS to stop coverage of circumcisions in 1949.<ref>{{REFjournal

}}</ref>. Ironically, the prevalence of circumcision in the United States kept growing, with rare opposition.

==Areas of action==

Siehe auch: http://www.kon.org/urc/v11/wisdom.html

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