Robert C. Bailey - Versionsgeschichte

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	\|url=http://www.kaisernetwork.org/health_cast/uploaded_files/BAILEY_bio.pdf		\|url=http://www.kaisernetwork.org/health_cast/uploaded_files/BAILEY_bio.pdf
	\|accessdate=2011-02-27		\|accessdate=2011-02-27
	}}</ref> Bailey has been a circumcision proponent since at least 1998.<ref>Moses S, Bailey RC, Ronald AR. Male circumcision: assessment of health benefits and risks. Sex Transm Infect 1998;74(5):368-73.</ref> Bailey was responsible (along with [[Stephen Moses]]) for one of the three major African circumcision trials (funded by NIAID, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and the United States [[National Institutes of Health]]),<ref name='DOC 2008'>{{REFweb		}}</ref> Bailey has been a circumcision proponent since at least 1998.<ref>{{REFjournal
			\|last=Moses
			\|init=S
			\|last2=Bailey
			\|init2=RC
			\|author2-link=Robert C. Bailey
			\|last3=Ronald
			\|init3=AR
			\|title=Male circumcision: assessment of health benefits and risks
			\|journal=Sex Transm Infect
			\|date=1998
			\|volume=74
			\|issue=5
			\|pages=368-73
			}}</ref> Bailey was responsible (along with [[Stephen Moses]]) for one of the three major African circumcision trials (funded by NIAID, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and the United States [[National Institutes of Health]]),<ref name='DOC 2008'>{{REFweb
	\|last=Doctors Opposing Circumcision		\|last=Doctors Opposing Circumcision
	\|first=		\|first=
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	}}</ref><ref name="pmid16225538">{{REFjournal		}}</ref><ref name="pmid16225538">{{REFjournal
	\|last=Krieger		\|last=Krieger
	\|~~first~~=~~J.N.~~		\|init=JN
	\|last2=Bailey		\|last2=Bailey
	\|~~first2~~=~~R.C.~~		\|init2=RC
	\|last3=Opeya		\|last3=Opeya
	\|~~first3~~=J.		\|init3=J
	\|etal=yes		\|etal=yes
	\|date=2005-11		\|date=2005-11
	\|title=Adult male circumcision: results of a standardized procedure in Kisumu District, Kenya		\|title=Adult male circumcision: results of a standardized procedure in Kisumu District, Kenya
	\|journal=BJU Int.		\|journal=BJU Int
	\|volume=96		\|volume=96
	\|issue=7		\|issue=7
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	\|DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05810.x		\|DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05810.x
	\|accessdate=		\|accessdate=
	}}</ref><ref>12. Bailey ~~RC,~~ Moses S, Parker CB~~, et al.~~ Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;369:643-56</ref> which are being used by the [[WHO\|World Health Organization]] (under the guide of [[UNAIDS]]) to endorse circumcision as an HIV prevention method.<ref>{{REFweb		}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
			\|last=Bailey
			\|init=RC
			\|author-link=Robert C. Bailey
			\|last2=Moses
			\|init2=S
			\|last3=Parker
			\|init3=CB
			\|etal=yes
			\|title=Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial
			\|journal=Lancet
			\|date=2007
			\|volume=369
			\|pages=643-56
			}}</ref> which are being used by the [[WHO\|World Health Organization]] (under the guide of [[UNAIDS]]) to endorse circumcision as an HIV prevention method.<ref>{{REFweb
	\|last=WHO (World Health Organization)		\|last=WHO (World Health Organization)
	\|first=		\|first=
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	In 2010, Bailey published a study with [[Brian J. Morris]].<ref>{{REFjournal		In 2010, Bailey published a study with [[Brian J. Morris]].<ref>{{REFjournal
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	\|~~first~~=~~R.H.~~		\|init=RH
	\|last2=Bailey		\|last2=Bailey
	\|~~first2~~=R.C.		\|init2=Robert C.
			\|author2-link=Robert C. Bailey
	\|last3=Morris		\|last3=Morris
	\|first3=B.J.		\|first3=Brian J.
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	\|author3-link=Brian J. Morris		\|author3-link=Brian J. Morris
	\|date=2010-06		\|date=2010-06
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	\|last=Slack		\|last=Slack
	\|first=Gordy		\|first=Gordy
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	\|date=2000-05-19		\|date=2000-05-19
	\|title=The Case For Circumcision		\|title=The Case For Circumcision
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	\|Autor=R. Bailey		\|Autor=R. Bailey
	\|Quelle=The Lawrentian		\|Quelle=The Lawrentian
	\|ref=<ref>[http://www.lawrentian.com/features/the-impacts-of-male-circumcision-in-africa-1.1983582 Gajewski~~. (~~2008-05-02). The impacts of male circumcision in Africa~~. "~~The Lawrentian"]</ref>		\|ref=<ref>{{REFnews
			\|url=http://www.lawrentian.com/features/the-impacts-of-male-circumcision-in-africa-1.1983582
			\|last=Gajewski
			\|date=2008-05-02
			\|title=The impacts of male circumcision in Africa
			\|publisher=The Lawrentian
			\|accessdate=2021-11-28
			}}</ref>
	}}		}}

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	\|Autor=R. Bailey		\|Autor=R. Bailey
	\|Quelle=NY Times		\|Quelle=NY Times
	\|ref=<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/27/health/27circumcision.html?pagewanted=all Pam ~~Belluck. (~~2011-09-26). Obstacles Slow an Easy Way to Prevent H.I.V. in Men~~. "~~NY Times~~."]~~</ref>		\|ref=<ref>{{REFnews
			\|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/27/health/27circumcision.html?pagewanted=all
			\|last=Belluck
			\|first=Pam
			\|date=2011-09-26
			\|title=Obstacles Slow an Easy Way to Prevent H.I.V. in Men
			\|publisher=NY Times
			\|accessdate=2021-11-28
			}}</ref>
	}}		}}

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{{NYT en}}
{| class="infobox vcard" style="175px; font-size:90%" border="0" cellspacing="4" align="right"
|-
| [[Image:Bailey_r.jpg|175px]]
|-
| align="center" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]
|-
|- style="background: #DCDCDC"
| align="center" | '''Associates with:'''
|-
| align="center" | [[Gilgal Society]]
|- style="background: #DCDCDC"
| align="center" | '''Colleagues & Benefactors:'''
|-
| align="center" | [[Stephen Moses]] [[Ronald H. Gray]] [[Brian J. Morris]] [[Bertran Auvert]] [[Maria Wawer]] [[Daniel T. Halperin]]
|-
|}

[[Robert C. Bailey]] is Professor of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, and Research Associate at Field Museum in Chicago.<ref name="Bailey">{{REFweb
|last=kaiser network
|first=
|date=
|title=Robert C. Bailey
|url=http://www.kaisernetwork.org/health_cast/uploaded_files/BAILEY_bio.pdf
|accessdate=2011-02-27
}}</ref> Bailey has been a circumcision proponent since at least 1998.<ref>Moses S, Bailey RC, Ronald AR. Male circumcision: assessment of health benefits and risks. Sex Transm Infect 1998;74(5):368-73.</ref> Bailey was responsible (along with [[Stephen Moses]]) for one of the three major African circumcision trials (funded by NIAID, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and the United States [[National Institutes of Health]]),<ref name='DOC 2008'>{{REFweb
|last=Doctors Opposing Circumcision
|first=
|date=2008
|title=The Use of Male Circumcision to Prevent HIV Infection
|url=http://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/info/HIVStatement.html
|accessdate=2011-03-05
|quote=...funding from the United States National Institutes of Health to conduct randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in Africa.
}}</ref><ref name="pmid16225538">{{REFjournal
|last=Krieger
|first=J.N.
|last2=Bailey
|first2=R.C.
|last3=Opeya
|first3=J.
|etal=yes
|date=2005-11
|title=Adult male circumcision: results of a standardized procedure in Kisumu District, Kenya
|journal=BJU Int.
|volume=96
|issue=7
|pages=1109–13
|url=
|pubmedID=16225538
|DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05810.x
|accessdate=
}}</ref><ref>12. Bailey RC, Moses S, Parker CB, et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;369:643-56</ref> which are being used by the [[WHO|World Health Organization]] (under the guide of [[UNAIDS]]) to endorse circumcision as an HIV prevention method.<ref>{{REFweb
|last=WHO (World Health Organization)
|first=
|date=
|title=Information Package on Male Circumcision and HIV Prevention
|url=
|accessdate=2011-04-29
}}</ref> Bailey is associated with the [[Gilgal Society]].<ref>{{REFweb
|last=Morris
|first=Brian C.
|date=2007
|title=Sex and Circumcision What every Woman needs to know
|url=http://www.circinfo.net/pdfs/GFW-EN%200712-1.pdf
|accessdate=2011-02-27
|coauthors = Vernon Quaintance
|publisher = The Gilgal Society
}}</ref>

== Circumcision Research ==
Since 1995, Bailey has devoted most of his research activities to promoting male circumcision as a HIV prevention strategy.<ref>{{REFweb
|last=NIH
|first=
|date=2009-10-28
|title=Pubmed Search: Robert C. Bailey
|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Robert%20C.%20Bailey
|accessdate=2011-02-27
}}</ref> He has conducted circumcision-related studies in varying communities in Uganda, Kenya, Malawi, Zambia, and the U.S. He has studied adverse events and conducted needs assessments associated with medical and traditional circumcisions in Kenya.

Bailey is the principal investigator of the randomized controlled trial of male circumcision to reduce HIV incidence in Kisumu, Kenya, and he has served as a consultant to [[WHO]], [[UNAIDS]], [[UNICEF]], the [[World Bank]], [[USAID]], the [[CDC]], and other national and international governmental and non-governmental agencies.<ref name="Bailey"/>

In 2010, Bailey published a study with [[Brian J. Morris]].<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Gray
|first=R.H.
|last2=Bailey
|first2=R.C.
|last3=Morris
|first3=B.J.
|author3-link=Brian J. Morris
|date=2010-06
|title=Keratinization of the adult male foreskin and implications for male circumcision
|journal=AIDS
|volume=24
|issue=9
|pages=1381; author reply 1381–2
|url=
|pubmedID=20559044
|DOI=10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283392555
|accessdate=
}}</ref>

== Deceptive Tactics ==
In Bailey's trial, the circumcised group had specific instructions to abstain from sex and use condoms that the intact control group did not. Bailey has admitted that "repeated study visits and intensive behavioral counseling" of the circumcised men were needed to reduce risk behaviors.<ref>{{REFnews
|url=http://www.circumstitions.com/news/News26.html#trinidad
|title=Circumcision Age-old surgery touted to reduce HIV
|date=2007-08-20
|publisher=rinidad Express
|accessdate=2011-02-27
}}</ref>

"Research" advocating infant circumcision has been published by the University of Illinois and the Nyanza Reproductive Health Society.<ref>{{REFnews
|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201207021653.html
|title=Kenya: Nyanza Residents Warm Up to Infant Male Circumcision
|date=2012-07-02
|publisher=All Africa (Samuel Otieno)
|accessdate=2012-07-06
|quote=The research, conducted by the University of Illinois and the Nyanza Reproductive Health Society to assess the acceptability of infant male circumcision...
}}</ref> While it may appear as if two independent medical organizations are publishing research, Robert Bailey happens to be a Professor of Epidemiology and an adjunct professor of Anthropology in the University of Chicago at Illinois, as well as the Secretary of the Board of the Nyanza Reproductive Health Society.

== Advocacy ==
Bailey is one of the primary modern day advocates for male circumcision. His research interest include "male circumcision as a strategy for HIV/STD prevention." He has written numerous articles advocating wholesale circumcision campaigns.<ref>{{REFweb
|last=NIH
|first=
|date=2009-10-28
|title=Pubmed Search: Robert C. Bailey
|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Robert%20C.%20Bailey
|accessdate=2011-02-27
|publisher = NIH
}}</ref> He is not a medical doctor or even a medical epidemiologist, but rather holds degrees in Anthropology and "behavioral epidemiology".<ref name="Bailey"/> He has recently been described as "frustrated and impatient" with the alleged slowness to act on his research.<ref>{{REFnews
|url=http://www.plusnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=73388
|title=GLOBAL: AIDS community moving too slowly on male circumcision
|date=2007-07-24
|publisher=Plus News, IRIN
|accessdate=2011-02-27
}}</ref>

Bailey and [[Daniel T. Halperin]] convinced eastern and south African "healers" to perform foreskin removal "as a way to alleviate chronic STD infection and prevent AIDS" in the 1990's. During the nineties alone, they convinced hundreds of South African men that circumcision would prevent HIV.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Slack
|first=Gordy
|date=2000-05-19
|title=The Case For Circumcision
|journal=Express Online
|volume=
|issue=
|pages=
|url=http://circleaks.org/images/3/32/Edgar_Schoen_%26_Daniel_Halperin_%281999-2000%29.pdf
|accessdate=
}}</ref>

== Zitate ==
{{Zitat
|Text=I know foreskin is not pretty, but these slides are pretty.
|Autor=R. Bailey
|Quelle=The Lawrentian
|ref=<ref>[http://www.lawrentian.com/features/the-impacts-of-male-circumcision-in-africa-1.1983582 Gajewski. (2008-05-02). The impacts of male circumcision in Africa. "The Lawrentian"]</ref>
}}

{{Zitat
|Text=“We’re hacking away at it every month,” Dr. Bailey said. “Those foreskins are flying.”
|Autor=R. Bailey
|Quelle=NY Times
|ref=<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/27/health/27circumcision.html?pagewanted=all Pam Belluck. (2011-09-26). Obstacles Slow an Easy Way to Prevent H.I.V. in Men. "NY Times."]</ref>
}}

{{REF}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bailey, Robert C.}}

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