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'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is the term used to identify the collection of American medical trade associations, state medical societies, hospitals, physicians, and medical journals that promote medically unnecessary, non-therapeutic male [[circumcision]] in the [[United States]], and who financially profit from the performance thereof.

== Medical trade associations ==

The [[medical trade association| medical trade associations]] are primarily the American Medical Association, the [[American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists]], the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]], the [[American Academy of Family Physicians]], and the [[American Urological Association]].

Medical trade associations whose members profit from the performance of [[circumcision]] usually issue [[bias| biased]] [[Medical_trade_association#Statements_regarding_male_circumcision| statements]] to promote non-therapeutic male [[circumcision]].

== State medical societies ==
[https://physicianpracticespecialists.com/state-specific-services/state-medical-societies/ State medical societies] work behind the scenes within their own state to remove any impediments to the practice of medically unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] and to maintain [[third-party payment]] insurance coverage.
== Hospitals ==
Non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of the newborn is regarded as a [https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/profitcentre.asp profit center], therefore most maternity hospitals promote and profit from the practice of medically unnecessary, non-therapeutic circumcision, by allowing and encouraging its practice, by automatically providing a circumcision consent form in the package of forms provided to an expectant mother in labor on admission, and by directing nurses to repeatedly inquire of mothers if a [[circumcision]] is desired.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.prweb.com/releases/having-a-baby-boy-intact-america-warns-get-ready-for-the-circumcision-sellers--807966573.html
|title=Having a Baby Boy? Intact America Warns, ‘Get Ready for the Circumcision Sellers!'
|last=Chapin
|first=Georganne
|author-link=Georganne Chapin
|publisher=Intact America
|website=prweb
|date=2019-11-18
|accessdate=2023-11-12
|quote=Each year, an estimated 1.4 million baby boys are circumcised in American medical settings. [[Intact America]] estimates that if circumcision solicitations were to cease, 600,000 boys—and the men they will become—would be spared every year from the [[trauma]] and lifelong consequences of the procedure.
}}</ref>

Mansfield et al. (1995) studied the use of medical resources related to non-therapeutic infant [[circumcision]]. They discovered that mother and baby remain in hospital an average of one-fourth of a day longer when the newborn boy is to be circumcised.<ref name="mansfield1995">{{REFjournal
|last=Mansfield
|first=
|init=CJ
|author-link=
|last2=Hueston
|first2=
|init2=WJ
|author2-link=
|last3=Rudy
|first3=
|init3=M
|author3-link=
|etal=no
|title=Neonatal circumcision: associated factors and length of hospital stay
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Fam Pract
|location=
|date=1995-10
|volume=41
|article=4
|pages=370-6
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/procedure/mansfield/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=7561711
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|doi=
|accessdate=2023-11-14
}}</ref> During this time, all room and other charges increase, so a circumcision is a real windfall for the hospital. Not only does the hospital collect a facility fee for the circumcision set up, it also gets to collect additional room and other charges.

Hospitals are also believed to sell the tissue from the excised infant foreskins to the bioengineering and cosmetics industries for a substantial profit.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://beautyproductsaremycardio.com/uncovering-the-truth-are-foreskins-really-used-in-cosmetics-the-shocking-story-and-essential-information-you-need-to-know/
|title=Uncovering the Truth: Are Foreskins Really Used in Cosmetics? [The Shocking Story and Essential Information You Need to Know]
|last=Anonymous
|first=
|init=
|publisher=Beautyproductsaremycardio.com
|date=2023
|accessdate=2023-11-14
}}</ref> <ref>{{REFweb
|url=http://acroposthion.com/the-foreskin-industry/
|title=The foreskin industry
|last=Anonymous
|first=
|init=
|publisher=Acroposthion.com
|date=2023
|accessdate=2023-11-14
}}</ref>

== Physicians ==
The physicians are primarily those who practice in the areas of general practice, obstetrics, pediatrics, or urology and who [[financial incentive| financially benefit]] from the performance of the [[pain| painful]] and [[trauma| traumatic]] non-therapeutic [[amputation]].

[[Issues_with_American_urologists_and_the_practice_of_male_circumcision| Urologists]] focus on adolescent and adult [[intact]] males who escaped [[circumcision]] of the newborn.

== Medical journals ==
Medical journals are mostly those journals which focus on obstetrics, pediatrics, family practice, or urology and publish [[bias| biased]] articles to promote the practice.<ref name="fleiss1999">{{REFbook
|last=Fleiss
|first=Paul M.
|init=PM
|author-link=Paul M. Fleiss
|year=1999
|title=An Analysis of Bias Regarding Circumcision in American Medical Literature
|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ljZZ9ZvD_kQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA379&ots=GA2KpzMECk&sig=jFqDYQhV0sqAWil6LDZWXnQdJO8#v=onepage&q&f=false
|work=Male and Female Circumcision: Medical, Legal, and Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Practice
|editor=Denniston, George C., Hodges, Frederick Mansfield, Milos, Marilyn
|edition=
|volume=
|chapter=
|pages=379-401
|location=New York
|publisher=Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
|isbn=0-306-46131-5
|quote=
|accessdate=2023-11-12
|note=
}}</ref> and to secure [[third-party payment]] insurance coverage of the medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic surgery.

==Profits==
Professor Morgan (1967), in his classic article — ''Penile plunder'' — accurately described the only real reason for the performance of non-therapeutic circumcision as — ''chronic remunerative surgery'' — meaning long-lasting recurring compensation to the surgeon.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Morgan
|first=
|init=WKC
|author-link=William Keith Campbell Morgan
|etal=NO
|title=Penile plunder
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Med J Aust
|location=
|date=1967-05-27
|volume=1
|issue=21
|article=
|page=
|pages=1102-3
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/general/morgan2/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=4226264
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.5694/j.1326-5377.1967.tb20892.x
|doi=
|accessdate=2023-11-15
}}</ref>

The profits are amazingly large. Bollinger (2012) estimated annual intake from the performance of medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] to be $3,640,000,000.<ref name="bollinger2012">{{REFweb
|url=https://www.academia.edu/6442587/High_Cost_of_Circumcision_3.6_Billion_Annually
|title=High Cost of Circumcision: $3.6 Billion Annually
|last=Bollinger
|first=Dan
|author-link=Dan Bollinger
|publisher=Academia
|website=https://www.academia.edu
|date=2012
|accessdate=2023-11-12
|format=
|quote=As the saying goes, follow the money. Now you know why neither the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]], American Medical Association, [[American Academy of Family Physicians]], or the [[American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists]] haven’t condemned this unnecessary surgery, and why their physician members are quick to recommend the procedure to expectant parents.
}}</ref>

{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Financial incentive]]
* [[United States of America]]

{{LINKS}}
* {{REFweb
|url=http://acroposthion.com/the-foreskin-industry/
|title=The Foreskin Industry
|website=Acroposthion
|accessdate=2020-03-02
}}

{{REF}}

[[Category:Term]]
[[Category:Business]]
[[Category:Industry]]
[[Category:Promoter]]

[[Category:USA]]

[[en:Circumcision industry]]

Beschneidungsindustrie - Versionsgeschichte

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